aiplanet/effi-13b
Text Generation
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"Article: Phytochemistry is a branch of plant biochemistry primarily concerned with the chemical substances produced by plants during secondary metabolism. Some of these compounds are toxins such as the alkaloid coniine from hemlock. Others, such as the essential oils peppermint oil and lemon oil are useful for their aroma, as flavourings and spices (e.g., capsaicin), and in medicine as pharmaceuticals as in opium from opium poppies. Many medicinal and recreational drugs, such as tetrahydrocannabinol (active ingredient in cannabis), caffeine, morphine and nicotine come directly from plants. Others are simple derivatives of botanical natural products. For example, the pain killer aspirin is the acetyl ester of salicylic acid, originally isolated from the bark of willow trees, and a wide range of opiate painkillers like heroin are obtained by chemical modification of morphine obtained from the opium poppy. Popular stimulants come from plants, such as caffeine from coffee, tea and chocolate, and nicotine from tobacco. Most alcoholic beverages come from fermentation of carbohydrate-rich plant products such as barley (beer), rice (sake) and grapes (wine).
Now answer this question: Where do some medicines and recreational drugs come from?" | "from plants" | "The article states that many medicinal and recreational drugs, such as tetrahydrocannabinol (active ingredient in cannabis), caffeine, morphine and nicotine come directly from plants. These are some examples of the medicines found in plants mentioned by the author. Thus it can be stated with certainty that some medicines do indeed come from plants.
Therefore, "from plants" is the correct answer option to this question based on the context provided."" | "squad_v1" | "CoT" |
"In this task, you are provided with an article of the legal acts. Your task is to classify it into three categories (Regulation, Decision and Directive) based on its content: 1) Regulation is a binding legislative act that must be applied in its entirety on a set date across all the member states (European Union countries). 2) Decision is binding on those to whom it is addressed (e.g. an European Union country or an individual company) and is directly applicable. 3) Directive is a legislative act that sets out a goal that all must achieve. However, it is up to the individual countries to devise their own laws on how to reach these goals.
Proof that the special export tax mentioned in Articles 2 and 3 of Regulation (EEC) No 1234/71 has been paid shall be furnished to the competent authority of the importing Member State by presentation of movement certificate A.TR.1. In that case, one of the following entries shall be made in the 'Remarks' section by the competent authority:'Taxe spéciale à l exportation selon règlement (CEE) No 1234/71 acquittée pour un montant de ...''Besondere Ausfuhrabgabe gemäss Verordnung (EWG) nr. 1234/71 in Höhe von ... entrichtet.''Tassa speciale per l esportazione pagata, secondo regolamento (CEE) n 1234/71, per un importo di ...''Speciale heffing bij uitvoer bedoeld in Verordening (EEG) nr 1234/71 ten bedrage van ... voldaan'.Special export tax in accordance with Regulation (EEC) No 1234/71 paid in the amount of ... . Commission Regulation (EEC) No 2019/71 of 20 September 1971 is hereby repealed.This Regulation shall enter into force on the third day following its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities.This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States." | "Regulation" | "This act has all the features of Regulation. The act is addressed to an European Union country; it must be applied once and for all within a certain time-limit; it lays down general rules of application, which are binding on all Member States." | "eurlex" | "CoT" |
"What's the answer to that question: where did lee surrender to grant to end the civil war?" | "Battle of Appomattox Court House" | "The Battle of Appomattox Court House was a battle in the final stages of the American Civil War, resulting in Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendering his Army to Union Commander Ulysses S. Grant on April 9th 1865" | "web_questions" | "CoT" |
"Extract the answer to the question from the following context.
Question: Which is smaller, the number of major heart attacks Nasser suffered or the number of weeks he spent on bed rest after the 2nd heart attack?
Context: Nasser had few personal vices other than chain smoking. He maintained 18-hour workdays and rarely took time off for vacations. The combination of smoking and working long hours contributed to his poor health. He was diagnosed with diabetes in the early 1960s and by the time of his death in 1970, he also had arteriosclerosis, heart disease, and high blood pressure. He suffered two major heart attacks (in 1966 and 1969), and was on bed rest for six weeks after the second episode. State media reported that Nasser's absence from the public view at that time was a result of influenza." | "major heart attacks" | "The answer is the number of major heart attacks.
Though he was on bed rest for six weeks after his second attack, that's not greater than the total number of times (i.e., two) Nasser suffered from a heart attack." | "adversarial_qa@dbert" | "CoT" |
"Which entity is this text about?
Richard "Red" Skelton (July 18, 1913 - September 17, 1997) was an American comedy entertainer. He was best known for his national radio and television acts between 1937 and 1971, and as host of the television program The Red Skelton Show. He has stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his work in radio and television, and also appeared in burlesque, vaudeville, films, nightclubs, and casinos, all while he pursued an entirely separate career as an artist. Skelton began developing his comedic and pantomime skills from the age of 10, when he became part of a traveling medicine show.
Skelton and Edna worked for a year in Camden, New Jersey, and were able to get an engagement at Montreal's Lido Club in 1934 through a friend who managed the chorus lines at New York's Roxy Theatre. Despite an initial rocky start, the act was a success, and brought them more theater dates throughout Canada. Skelton's performances in Canada led to new opportunities and the inspiration for a new, innovative routine that brought him recognition in the years to come. While performing in Montreal, the Skeltons met Harry Anger, a vaudeville producer for New York City's Loew's State Theatre. Anger promised the pair a booking as a headlining act at Loew's, but they would need to come up with new material for the engagement. While the Skeltons were having breakfast in a Montreal diner, Edna had an idea for a new routine as she and Skelton observed the other patrons eating doughnuts and drinking coffee. They devised the "Doughnut Dunkers" routine, with Skelton's visual impressions of how different people ate doughnuts. The skit won them the Loew's State engagement and a handsome fee. The couple viewed the Loew's State engagement in 1937 as Skelton's big chance. They hired New York comedy writers to prepare material for the engagement, believing they needed more sophisticated jokes and skits than the routines Skelton normally performed. However, his New York audience did not laugh or applaud until Skelton abandoned the newly written material and began performing the "Doughnut Dunkers" and his older routines. The doughnut-dunking routine also helped Skelton rise to celebrity status. In 1937, while he was entertaining at the Capitol Theater in Washington, D.C., President Franklin D. Roosevelt invited Skelton to perform at a White House luncheon. During one of the official toasts, Skelton grabbed Roosevelt's glass, saying, "Careful what you drink, Mr. President. I got rolled in a place like this once." His humor appealed to FDR and Skelton became the master of ceremonies for Roosevelt's official birthday celebration for many years afterward.
Entity:" | "Red Skelton" | "The text is about Red Skelton. The context describes events and details of his life, such as how he met Edna Stillwell in Vincennes and their early careers, the "Doughnut Dunkers" routine that brought him recognition, his performances at Loew's State Theatre in New York City with Edna (where they were booked by Harry Anger) which led to them performing for President Roosevelt later on.
So going through all these details it can clearly be concluded that this passage is only relevant to one person i.e., Richard ""Red"" Skelton himself."" | "quac" | "CoT" |
"The town lies along the stretch of coastline designated as Gold Beach during the D-Day landings , one of the beaches used by British troops in the allied invasion. Arromanches was selected as one of the sites for two Mulberry Harbours built on the Normandy coast, the other one built further West at Omaha Beach.
Based on that paragraph can we conclude that the sentence below is true?
The Normandy landings took place in June 1944.
OPTIONS:
- yes
- no" | "no" | "The paragraph doesn't mention the date of the Normandy landings, so it is not possible to determine whether they took place in June 1944." | "rte" | "CoT" |
"Two sisters went to the hospital. The medics ran some blood tests and found out that Sue had sickle cell trait, while Mary had normal blood cells. Sue received treatment.
Which sister has hemoglobin molecules that aggregate?" | "Sue" | "Sickle cell trait is a hereditary disorder in which the hemoglobin molecules aggregate, leading to abnormally shaped blood cells. The aggregation of blood cells can cause blockage in small vessels, resulting in pain and swelling. Mary has normal red blood cells while Sue has sickle-shaped erythrocytes (red blood cells). Hence, it is more likely that Sue would have received treatment for sickle cell anemia or another related illness where her abnormal red blood cells were causing health issues.
So the answer is: Sue" | "ropes" | "CoT" |
"Question: "What else does the pigment make red?"
Context: "Red hair varies from a deep burgundy through burnt orange to bright copper. It is characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin (which also accounts for the red color of the lips) and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin. The term redhead (originally redd hede) has been in use since at least 1510. Cultural reactions have varied from ridicule to admiration; many common stereotypes exist regarding redheads and they are often portrayed as fiery-tempered. (See red hair)."
Answer:" | "lips" | "The context mentions that the pigment pheomelanin is responsible for red hair and also accounts for the color of lips. Hence, "lips" are part of what else does the pigment make red.
So, the answer is Lip(s)." | "adversarial_qa@dbert" | "CoT" |
""Mama came over and sat down beside Alice. Gently she stroked her hair and let the child weep." is a true sentence.
Does this mean that "She stroked Mama's hair and let the child weep."?
OPTIONS:
- no
- yes" | "no" | "The premise states that Mama came over and sat down beside Alice. Gently she stroked her hair and let the child weep, which means it was not mama's hair being stroked by someone else but rather Mama is doing something with another person's hair while letting a third person cry. So, this contradicts The hypothesis "She stroked Mama’s hair and let the child weep" where one of those people would be missing from the situation described in the Premise. Thus, we can see that the answer to question is “no"." | "wnli" | "CoT" |
"Given a travel related situation, and given a specific question about the situation, summarize the question into a title
I will be visiting the beautiful town of Lisbon this weekend with a group of friends from Germany. Since the next German world cup game is pretty important we want to watch and support our team on Saturday (8 pm) against Sweden.
Unfortunately I don't speak Portuguese so I could not find a place online where this match will be shown. Does anybody know a place where we could watch the match Sweden - Germany / Saturday 8 pm in Lisbon? It does not have to be fancy but if possible it should be quite central and/or close to where we stay (city district Baixa).
I framed the question a bit broader because answers might be helpful for German visitors who will be visiting Lisbon at a later time during the world cup (and if Germany makes it to the Best of 16s of course)." | "Where to watch German world cup soccer games in Lisbon?" | "The question asks for a location to watch German World Cup soccer games in Lisbon. This is described in the title as "Where to watch German world cup soccer games in Lisbon?"" | "diqa" | "CoT" |
"Read the text and determine if the sentence is true (see options at the end):
How to put unpublished writing on line<br>Search on line for prospects to send to by typing " internet writing opportunities " in the search box. There are many to choose from. Just don't waste your time by paying for someone else to get you started.
Sentence: There are many writing opportunities without having to pay.
OPTIONS:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No" | "Yes" | "The passage mentions that there are many internet writing opportunities to choose from and also states that one should not waste time by paying for someone else to get them started. Hence, if we put it together with the statement mentioned in this problem's question, then the answer is "Yes".
'''" | "anli_r3" | "CoT" |
"In this task, you need to answer basic science questions. For each question, several terms are intentionally masked with ***. This masking can cover very few or many of the question words. Clearly, if masked terms are important, the modified question will be impossible to answer. Please indicate the correct answer with one of the following responses: "A", "B", "C", "D" or "E". While "A"-"D" correspond to the answer options provided in the input, "E" represents "I don't know" for questions that do not provide enough information. Respond via "E" if the question is not answerable. Do not generate anything else apart from one of the following characters: 'A', 'B, 'C', 'D', 'E'.
Question: *** *** *** *** *** *** ****** *** *** *** *** ***? (A) Work in large groups. (B) Wear safety goggles. (C) Wear short sleeves. (D) Keep a window open." | "E" | "The question does not provide enough information to answer the question. It does not describe the situation, nor does it explain what is being done (e.g., "What should you do when working with toxic chemicals?"). Without this additional information, it is impossible to determine which of the provided options would be correct. As a result, the correct answer for this question is "E" for “I don't know”." | "essential" | "CoT" |
"You are given an original reference as well as a system generated reference. Your task is to judge the naturaleness of the system generated reference. If the utterance could have been produced by a native speaker output 1, else output 0.
System Reference: may i ask near where?
Original Reference: where do you need a hotel near?." | "0" | "The utterance \"may i ask near where?" is not natural. This utterance does not make sense grammatically, thus we output 0." | "nlu_asdiv_dataset" | "CoT" |
"The input is taken from a negotiation between two participants who take the role of campsite neighbors and negotiate for Food, Water, and Firewood packages, based on their individual preferences and requirements. Given an utterance and recent dialogue context containing past 3 utterances (wherever available), output Yes if the utterance contains the small-talk strategy, otherwise output No. small-talk is a cooperative negotiation strategy. It is used for discussing topics apart from the negotiation, in an attempt to build a rapport with the opponent. For example, discussing how the opponent is doing during the pandemic or sharing excitement for the camping trip.
Context: 'Good thanks. I'm a bodybuilder so I need a lot of food and water if that's ok with you?' 'Oh that's cool! I will be camping with my 4 children so having a little extra would be great for me too.' 'Ok great! Do you need firewood?'
Utterance: 'I could use a little to cook with, But food is my main concern. Is it hot where you will be? '" | "Yes" | "The utterance contains a question unrelated to the negotiation in an attempt to build rapport with the opponent (opponent's weather conditions). Hence, it contains small-talk and the answer is Yes." | "casino" | "CoT" |
"Hey, I'm thinking about ordering a pizza, can you help me out while I'm working?
Sure, I can help. What did you have in mind?
I want that extra cheesy buffalo pizza that "Just Pizzaria" had the other day. It was so good.
That sounds delicious. Do you want any desserts, drinks or sides with it while I am working for you?
Yeah, I think I want a 2L sprite and a cookie.
Alright, just one moment while I place the order.
Thanks.
I see that they ended the offer on the buffalo chicken pizza and aren't serving it anymore. Would you like to try something else?
I guess I will have to. Do they have any specials going on?
They have a bbq chicken pizza they are serving. It's not exactly like the buffalo but close.
That sounds good. I think I might try that. Can you add pineapples too?
Sure, I can request it for you.
Great. Thank you
You're welcome. And do you still want the same drink and cookie as well?
Yes please. And add extra sauce and cheese.
Sure thing! Just one moment while I finalize everything on the "Just Pizzaria" website for you.
Awesome. Thanks.
Just to confirm, I have a large bbq chicken pizza with pineapples, extra cheese and sauce, 2L sprite and cookie.
Sounds right! Thank you so much!
Great, our order comes out to $26.50 with the coupon code I used for you. Your receipt will be sent to your mobile device via text message also." | "Great I just got it! Says it will be here in 35 minutes. Thank you so much! You have a great day!" | "The context given is a chat between two people. One person is at work and orders pizza from the pizzeria's website. The other person helps them order the pizza and asks them to confirm their selections. The answer should be "Great I just got it! Says it will be here in 35 minutes. Thank you so much! You have a great day!" because this response reflects that the user received their receipt via text message and confirms that they are happy with their order."" | "task_master" | "CoT" |
"Zach drove over to Mary's place. She would be his wife soon. She was in China, visiting her parents. Her son Bradley hadn't gone with her. Bradley was a junior in high school. He neither liked nor disliked Zach, even though he had known Zach for three years. Zach was still trying to get along well with Bradley.
When Zach arrived, he asked if Bradley wanted to drive his car. Bradley had a driver's license. Bradley said all right. Zach told him not to drive fast, but that he could drive anywhere he wanted. Bradley got on the road. Zach gave Bradley a few driving tips: Don't drive next to big trucks, because you never know when they might crush you. Don't drive behind trucks filled with things, because you never know when something in the truck will fly out and hit your car.
On their way back, Zach suggested that they stop at the golf course. He wanted to show Bradley how to play golf. Bradley wasn't interested. He preferred his video games. But Bradley soon discovered that golf was fun! He hit a lot of balls. Zach told him that he was doing well. The next day Bradley, for the first time ever, called Zach. He had a few blisters on his hands. Zach said that usually happened. Then Bradley asked if Zach would come next Saturday so they could take a drive and hit golf balls again. Zach said, of course, and felt happy.
At first, Bradley liked _ better than golf.
A) driving
B) video games
C) his lessons
D) a driver's license" | "B" | "The context mentions that, before spending the day with Zach and getting a chance to try golfing for himself, Bradley preferred video games over playing golf.
This implies that his interest in video games is greater than his interest in learning how to play golf or other activities such as driving.
Therefore the most likely answer is B - "video games"." | "race@high" | "CoT" |
"Read the following paragraph and extract the answer for the question: What is the first name of the person whose thoughts on what inspired him to such an individual mode of expression art historians have struggled with?
Little is known for certain of the life of Hieronymus Bosch or of the commissions or influences that may have formed the basis for the iconography of his work. His birthdate, education and patrons remain unknown. There is no surviving record of Bosch's thoughts or evidence as to what attracted and inspired him to such an individual mode of expression. Through the centuries art historians have struggled to resolve this question yet conclusions remain fragmentary at best. Scholars have debated Bosch's iconography more extensively than that of any other Netherlandish artist. His works are generally regarded as enigmatic, leading some to speculate that their content refers to contemporaneous esoteric knowledge since lost to history.
Although Bosch's career flourished during the High Renaissance, he lived in an area where the beliefs of the medieval Church still held moral authority. He would have been familiar with some of the new forms of expression, especially those in Southern Europe, although it is difficult to attribute with certainty which artists, writers and conventions had a bearing on his work.José de Sigüenza is credited with the first extensive critique of The Garden of Earthly Delights, in his 1605 History of the Order of St. Jerome. He argued against dismissing the painting as either heretical or merely absurd, commenting that the panels "are a satirical comment on the shame and sinfulness of mankind". The art historian Carl Justi observed that the left and center panels are drenched in tropical and oceanic atmosphere, and concluded that Bosch was inspired by "the news of recently discovered Atlantis and by drawings of its tropical scenery, just as Columbus himself, when approaching terra firma, thought that the place he had found at the mouth of the Orinoco was the site of the Earthly Paradise". The period in which the triptych was created was a time of adventure and discovery, when tales and trophies from the New World sparked the imagination of poets, painters and writers. Although the triptych..." | "Hieronymus" | "The question asks for the first name of a person. The paragraph describes that little is known about Hieronymus Bosch, but it does mention his full name at the beginning: "Hieronymus Bosch". Therefore, Hieronymus is the answer to this question." | "quoref" | "CoT" |
"Given the background: Generally, nearsightedness first occurs in school-age children. There is some evidence that myopia is inherited. If one or both of your parents need glasses, there is an increased chance that you will too. Individuals who spend a lot of time reading, working or playing at a computer, or doing other close visual work may also be more likely to develop nearsightedness. Because the eye continues to grow during childhood, myopia typically progresses until about age 20. However, nearsightedness may also develop in adults due to visual stress or health conditions such as diabetes. A common sign of nearsightedness is difficulty seeing distant objects like a movie screen or the TV, or the whiteboard or chalkboard in school.
and the situation: Two siblings were going to school. Mary experienced headaches, so he was sent to the eye doctor. The doctor concluded she was nearsighted and prescribed her eyeglasses. Ben had normal vision.
Answer the following question: Which sibling didn't have a difficulty seeing distant objects?" | "Ben" | "One of the common signs of nearsightedness is difficulty seeing distant objects. Since Mary was diagnosed with myopia, it can be concluded that she is most likely having trouble seeing things in the distance. Ben, however, was not experiencing any symptoms and therefore did not require eyeglasses to correct his vision like his sister does which implies he has normal vision and doesn't have a problem seeing distant objects.
So the answer is: Ben" | "ropes" | "CoT" |
"Pick the option in line with common sense to answer the question.
Questions: Hunger is an effective motivator for what?
Options:
- spend money
- eat quickly
- taco tuesday
- begin work
- have lunch" | "begin work" | "The question asks what hunger is an effective motivator for. Common sense suggests that the answer would be "begin work" as this option involves someone taking action, which aligns with the language in the question: Hunger is an effective motivator for [action]. The other options ("spend money", "eat quickly", and “taco tuesday”) do not fit into a similar pattern of answering how hunger can motivate people to act.
So begin work is correct!" | "cos_e" | "CoT" |
"The answer to the question: Who does Mikey beat with a baseball bat? is inside the article: Mikey, a young boy, is setting newspapers on fire in his basement. He blames his younger sister, Beth, when his foster mother, Grace, reprimands him for it. Grace slaps him, and he later yells at Beth, asking her why she didn't defend him. He ends up throwing her doll into the pool. When Beth reaches to get it, Mikey jumps up and down on the diving board, causing her to fall into the pool and drown.
He goes upstairs to the bathroom, where he overhears Grace taking a bath and telling a friend on the phone that adopting Mikey might have been a mistake. The phone dies, and Grace notices Mikey standing in front of the tub. Startled, she chides him for not knocking before he came in. He accuses Grace and Harold of not loving him anymore, but she denies that, saying they both love him very much. However, Mikey doesn't believe her; he picks up her blow dryer, turns it on, and begins to taunt her. He throws it into the water and she is instantly electrocuted.
Mikey goes downstairs and pours marbles onto the floor. When his foster father Harold arrives home, he calmly goes to greet him. They sit and talk for a moment until Harold sees his daughter floating lifelessly in the pool. He rushes towards the door, but slips on the marbles Mikey had laid down earlier. After Harold crashes through the door panel, Mikey proceeds to kill him by beating him in the head with a baseball bat. It is then revealed that Mikey has been taping the murders in secret. Soon after that, the police have arrived to investigate the murders and they finally finds Mikey "hiding" in a closet. He tells them a man came in and killed his family.
A psychiatrist recommends that Mikey be fostered as soon as possible. His foster mother's sister is put forward as a prospective foster carer, but she does not want anything to do with Mikey. She states that he was adopted, and that it was suspected that he was abused by members of his family., can you guess it ?" | "Harold" | "Here's the rationale: "Mikey beat Harold with a baseball bat"." | "quoref" | "CoT" |
"I want to test the ability of students to read a passage and answer questions about it. Could you please come up with a good question for the passage "A higher flight phase results in a higher vertical ground reaction force. Vertical ground reaction force represents external force which the gymnasts have to overcome with their muscle force and has an impact on the gymnasts linear and angular momentum. Another important variable that affects linear and angular momentum is time the landing takes Gymnasts can alter the shape of the area by increasing the time taken to perform the landing. Gymnasts can achieve this by increasing hip, knee and ankle amplitude. With the increase of height, the amplitude in ankles knees and hips rise the bars."?" | "How do gymnasts combat outside forces?" | "The passage says that gymnasts have to overcome outside forces with their muscle force. So a good question would be how they do this - How do gymnast combat outside forces?
So the answer is: "How do gymnasts combat outside forces?"" | "adversarial_qa@dbert" | "CoT" |
"Read the text and determine if the sentence is true:
With Washington hinting it might soften its tough stance to break the deadlock, top US negotiator, Christopher Hill, said the two sides needed to review the situation.
Sentence: Christopher Hill is a relative of a top US negotiator.
OPTIONS:
- yes
- no
A:" | "no" | "The sentence is false because Christopher Hill is a top US negotiator, not the relative of one. The statement doesn't say that he's related to another person with the same title; it only says his name and job description." | "rte" | "CoT" |
"The input is taken from a negotiation between two participants who take the role of campsite neighbors and negotiate for Food, Water, and Firewood packages, based on their individual preferences and requirements. Given an utterance and recent dialogue context containing past 3 utterances (wherever available), output Yes if the utterance contains the uv-part strategy, otherwise output No. uv-part is a selfish negotiation strategy. It is used to undermine the requirements of the opponent. For instance, suggesting that the opponent would not need more firewood since they already have the basic supplies or a suggestion that there might be a store near the campsite where the opponent can get the supplies instead.
Context: 'Didn't you bring any firewood at all with you?' 'Yes, but the firewood I have will be used to keep us warm tonight. Like you mentioned before it will be a bit chilly tonight.' 'Ahh, I forgot about that. OK. I'll take 2 packages of firewood, give you 2 waters, and 1 food packages as you do have some fish to cook and I don't. Do we have a deal?'
Utterance: 'OK, we have a deal.🙂'" | "No" | "The speaker does not use the uv-part strategy, which would undermine their opponent's requirements. Instead, they simply agree to a deal that was proposed. Therefore, the answer is No." | "casino" | "CoT" |
"Formulate an answer to this elaborate question: When was the band that released the single Ignorance formed ?" | "2004" | "The band that released the single Ignorance is Paramore and they were formed in 2004." | "kilt_tasks@hotpotqa" | "CoT" |
"The answer to the question: What is the name of the individual known from their highly regarded work with the Pixies? is inside the article: Pod was released in the UK on May 29, 1990 by 4AD. Watts-Russell planned the date to be not too close to the release of the Pixies' Bossanova two and a half months later, for more effective publicity of both albums. Watts-Russell believed the album would be better suited to a US independent distribution label rather than the Pixies' American distributor Elektra, and licensed Pod to Rough Trade America. When this division of Rough Trade went bankrupt, Elektra assumed distribution of Pod in the US. Deal has noted that the Breeders did not receive any royalties from initial US sales because of Rough Trade's bankruptcy.The album was widely anticipated by the British music press due to the involvement of Deal and Donelly—known from their highly regarded work with the Pixies and Throwing Muses, respectively—and Albini, who likewise had a strong reputation for his previous engineering work. It reached number 22 in the UK, where it was promoted by a full-page ad in Melody Maker, and number 73 in the Netherlands. Pod sold moderately well, although Deal has noted it "never sold [anything]" compared to their next album, Last Splash (1993), which was certified platinum in the US and silver in the UK.Deal took the idea for the album's title from a painting that she saw in Boston; for her, the word "pod" evoked a uterus, which Wiggs has noted relates to the theme of fertility and the group's name. The cover art was designed by longtime 4AD album designer Vaughan Oliver and employs photography by Kevin Westenberg. Oliver, in an attempt to seduce Deal, whom he believed would appreciate the humor, attached a belt of dead eels over his underwear, which he intended as phallic symbols. He performed a fertility dance, while Westenberg took pictures of him using a long exposure to achieve the blurring and other visual effects., can you guess it ?" | "Deal" | "The article mentions Deal and Donelly. So, the answer is either 'Deal' or 'Donelly'.
We need to use our judgement here as both answers will work well with the given context." | "quoref" | "CoT" |
"Determine the question that you might have asked to get back the following answer for the given context
Context: Between 1949 and the 1980s, telephone communications in Greece were a state monopoly by the Hellenic Telecommunications Organization, better known by its acronym, OTE. Despite the liberalization of telephone communications in the country in the 1980s, OTE still dominates the Greek market in its field and has emerged as one of the largest telecommunications companies in Southeast Europe. Since 2011, the company's major shareholder is Deutsche Telekom with a 40% stake, while the Greek state continues to own 10% of the company's shares. OTE owns several subsidiaries across the Balkans, including Cosmote, Greece's top mobile telecommunications provider, Cosmote Romania and Albanian Mobile Communications.;
Answer: state;
Question:" | "Who ran the phones in Greece between 1949 and the 1980s?" | "The context states that the Hellenic Telecommunications Organization, better known by its acronym OTE, ran a state monopoly over telephone communications in Greece between 1949 and 1980. The answer is thus "state".
A question that could be asked to get back this answer would therefore be:
"Who ran the phones in Greece between 1949 and the 1980s?" | "squad_v2" | "CoT" |
"Read the article and select the best answer.
Article: Barack and Michelle Obama have two daughters: Malia, born in 1998, and Sasha, born in 2001. Before his inauguration, President Obama published an open letter to his daughters in Parade magazine, describing what he wants them and every child in America "to grow up in a world with no limits on your dreams and no achievements beyond your reach, and to grow into compassionate, committed women who will help build that world."
While living in Chicago, they kept busy schedules. Soccer, dance and drama for Malia, gymnastics and tap for Sasha, piano and tennis for both. Malia and Sasha attended the private Sidwell Friends School in Washington, DC. The Obama girls began classes there on January 5, 2009. In his victory speech on the night of his election, President Obama repeated his promise to Sasha and Malia to get a dog to take with them to the White House. On April 12, 2009, it was reported that the Obamas had adopted a six-month-old Portuguese water dog given to them as a gift. The dog was named Bo by Malia and Sasha.
Though Malia and Sasha Obama are the president's kids, it doesn't mean they'll be catered to. The girls are still required to do their chores. Besides bed-making, Malia and Sasha must clean up their rooms and keep on top of their homework. The Obamas want their girls to grow up in a "normal" way.
Question: Which statement is RIGHT?
Options: A: Sasha is two years older than Malia.
B: Sasha is three years older than Malia.
C: Sasha is two years younger than Malia.
D: Sasha is three years younger than Malia." | "D" | "The answer is D, because Malia was born in 1998 and Sasha was born in 2001. In this question, it asks which statement is right so you have to choose one that's correct. This means we can eliminate A (wrong), B(wrong) and C(right). Which leaves us with only option D as the best choice!" | "race@middle" | "CoT" |
"Read the following context and choose the correct option to answer the question.
Context: The political landscape in the United States looks a bit different in the wake of Tuesday's Senate election victory by Democrat Doug Jones in Alabama.
In an outcome few could have imagined several weeks ago, Jones defeated controversial Republican candidate Roy Moore, who had the backing of President Donald Trump. In the wake of Jones' victory, Democrats are more confident about success in next year's congressional midterm elections, and Republicans are looking for a way to rebound.
Late Tuesday, Jones paid tribute to the voters and staffers who supported him in his longshot victory over Moore. "This campaign has been about common courtesy and decency and making sure everyone in this state, regardless of which ZIP code you live in, is going to get a fair shake in life!" he told supporters.
Moore was unable to overcome allegations of sexual misconduct stemming back decades involving several women who were teenagers at the time while Moore was in his 30s.
Moore stopped short of conceding the race, however, saying, "We have been painted in an unfavorable and unfaithful light. We have been put in a hole, if you will, and it reminds me of a [Bible] passage in Psalms 40, 'I waited patiently for the Lord.' That is what we have got to do."
Moore had the full backing of the president in the final days of the campaign after Trump initially held back his endorsement in the wake of the allegations against Moore.
The president responded Wednesday to questions at the White House about the Alabama race and said that he had hoped for a different result.
"I wish we would have gotten the seat. A lot of Republicans feel differently. They are very happy with the way it turned out," he said. "But as the leader of the party, I would have liked to have the seat. I want to endorse the people who are running."
Jones won in large part because of a strong Democratic turnout, especially by African-Americans. Moore was hurt by a depressed Republican turnout and a write-in campaign that drained away votes.
Question: Who won Tuesday's election?
Options:
A. Doug Jones
B. Roy Moore
C. not enough information
D. Donald Trump" | "A" | "The context clearly states that Jones won the election by defeating Moore. It also mentions Trump's endorsement for Moore and his reaction to the result of the race, so it can be inferred that he was not a candidate in this particular election. Therefore, Jones is the correct answer choice here because he was specifically named as winning Tuesday's (Alabama) Senate seat: "In an outcome few could have imagined several weeks ago, Jones defeated controversial Republican candidate Roy Moore."" | "quail" | "CoT" |
"Given a prompt and two completions from a language model, select the completion that is the most fluent with respect to continuing the prompt. Fluency is defined by coherency and ease of understanding, not necessarily grammatical correctness. Generate either Completion A or Completion B.
Prompt: lol mane nun trippin of theze hoez OG she said she'll fuck my nigga
Completion A: One Jackson ...After Core Info Player Under InisWeibe Shop We Will Use Zcash after studio031 by Ben Morgan,
Completion B: , and u can do it if u want tho! - December 15, 2014I'm going to keep calling out that thee shit's rea" | "Completion A" | "Completion B does not make sense as a continuation of the prompt and contains grammatical errors. Completion A is more fluent because it maintains the same sentence structure and context (a discussion about women being unfaithful)" | "detoxifying_lms" | "CoT" |
"Once upon a time, there was a farmer called Da Niu. One day he was walking in the forest and found a bird. The bird's was hurt and it cried. Da Niu picked it up and took it home. He looked after it carefully every day. The bird got well soon.
One morning Da Niu enjoyed the sunshine next to the wall. The bird took his hat and flew away. Da Niu was very _ and ran after it. He shouted , "What a bad bird you are!"
Suddenly he heard a big noise from his back. The wall he sat next to just now. fell down .
Why did the bird take Da Niu's hat?
A) Because it was naughty.
B) Because Da Niu was unfriendly to it.
C) Because it wanted to save Da Niu's life.
D) Because it wanted to throw it." | "C" | "The question asks why the bird took Da Niu's hat. The context makes it clear that, because of this action, Da Niu was saved from being crushed by a falling wall. So there is no reason to believe that the bird did so out of malice or just for fun (options A and B). Rather than throwing away his hat as an act of spite, he threw it in order to alert him and save him from getting hurt (option C), which explains why option D can be eliminated too.
So the answer is C." | "race@middle" | "CoT" |
"In this task, you need to answer basic science questions. For each question, several terms are intentionally masked with ***. This masking can cover very few or many of the question words. Clearly, if masked terms are important, the modified question will be impossible to answer. Please indicate the correct answer with one of the following responses: "A", "B", "C", "D" or "E". While "A"-"D" correspond to the answer options provided in the input, "E" represents "I don't know" for questions that do not provide enough information. Respond via "E" if the question is not answerable. Do not generate anything else apart from one of the following characters: 'A', 'B, 'C', 'D', 'E'.
Question: Why do some animals have ***, ***, ***, or give off a ***? (A) migration (B) hibernation (C) seasonal change (D) defense mechanis." | "D" | "For this question, "migration", "hibernation", and "defense mechanism" are masked, so the answer to this question has to be one of the remaining options. The key terms in the question that relate to animals' adaptations are: cold-blooded animals, change their body temperature, or give off a scent. These key words suggest that animal adaptions are related to defense mechanisms. If a creature can't defend itself by running away, it will use its other resources to protect itself from predators and attacks (e.g., hibernation and camouflage). So option D is correct: defense mechanism" | "essential" | "CoT" |
"In this task, you are given two sets, and you need to count the number of elements at the intersection of two given sets. A Set is shown by two curly braces and comma-separated numbers inside, like {1, 2, 3}. The intersection of two given sets is the largest set which contains all the elements that are common to both sets. To find the intersection of two given sets, A and B is a set consisting of all the elements common to both A and B.
Set1: '{6, 7, 9, 13, 19}', Set2: '{1, 2, 4, 5}'. How many elements are there in the intersection of Set1 and Set2 ?" | "0" | "The intersection of the two sets is the largest set that contains all the elements that are common to both sets.\nSet1: {6, 7, 9, 13, 19}\nSet2: {1, 2, 4, 5}\nIntersection of Set1 and Set2 : {}\nThere are no elements in common between Set1 and Set2. Therefore there are 0 elements at their intersection." | "synthetic" | "CoT" |
"In this task, you will be presented with a question having multiple possible answers in Russian language. And you should choose a most suitable option out of "A", "B", "C", "D", and "E" based on your commonsense knowledge.
Question: Билли впервые воспользовался спа, когда у него порвалась лодыжка, и его врач порекомендовал ему пойти куда?
Options: A дом B оздоровительный комплекс C оставлять D загородный клуб E задний двор" | "B" | "The question asks where Bill went when he first used a spa. The doctor recommended that he go to a spa, so the answer is \"оздоровительный комплекс\" (health complex)." | "equity_evaluation_corpus" | "CoT" |
"Here's a question: When the baby birds fell out of the nest, the mom bird did what?
Here are possible answers to this question:
- grieve
- molt
- poop
- puff
- sky
I believe the correct choice is "grieve", here's why:" | "grieve | definition of grieve in english by oxford dictionaries" | "Here's the rationale: "grieve | definition of grieve in english by oxford dictionaries"." | "cos_e" | "CoT" |
"Find the movie name from the given conversation. If the movie name is not found give output as "unknown"
ASSISTANT: Can you tell me what types of movies you enjoy watching? , USER: drama, fantasy, documentaries. Sometimes family, but that's about it. , ASSISTANT: And what do you like about those types of movies? , USER: The storytelling if it's pretty good. I like how detailed and creative that people can get with different characters and different plot making, so I think you can really make up a lot of stuff. , ASSISTANT: Alright, what’s one of your favorite movies? , USER: Well, Back to the Future, the whole trilogy, I guess." | "Back to the Future" | "The user's favorite movie is stated in the conversation, so the correct answer is "Back to the Future"." | "coached_conv_pref" | "CoT" |
"Write a question about the following article: Coming off of a bye week, the Steelers flew to INVESCO Field at Mile High for a Sunday night intraconference clash with the Denver Broncos. In the first quarter, Pittsburgh struck first with QB Ben Roethlisberger completing a 1-yard TD pass to TE Heath Miller. Afterwards, the Broncos responded with QB Jay Cutler completing a 15-yard TD pass to WR Brandon Stokley. In the second quarter, the Steelers struggled as Cutler completed a 1-yard TD pass to FB Cecil Sapp, along with DE Tim Crowder returning a fumble 50 yards for a touchdown. In the third quarter, Pittsburgh tried to recover with Roethlisberger completing a 13-yard TD pass to WR Santonio Holmes, but the Broncos answered with Cutler completing a 1-yard TD pass to TE Tony Scheffler. In the fourth quarter, Pittsburgh managed to tie the game with Roethlisberger completing a 13-yard TD pass to rookie TE Matt Spaeth, along with a 12-yard TD pass to Miller. Unfortunately, Denver managed to get kicker Jason Elam to nail a last-second 49-yard field goal. Pittsburgh's defense, which had given up only 5 touchdowns in their first 5 games, gave up 3 on the night.
Question about the article:" | "How many yards was Roethlisberger's second longest touchdown pass?" | "Here's a question for the given article:\n\nQuestion: How many yards was Roethlisberger's second longest touchdown pass?" | "drop" | "CoT" |
"Two analogies that relate actions to the tools used to perform the action is given in the form "A : B. C : ?". "A : B" relates action A to tool B. Your task is to replace the question mark (?) with the appropriate tool for the given action C, following the "A : B" relation.
vacuum : vacuum. drill : ?" | "drill" | "To vacuum the floor, you would use a vacuum. Similarly, to drill a hole in the wall, you would use a drill." | "bard" | "CoT" |
"In this task, you are given an abstract of article. Your task is to generate label "True" if abstract is structured, otherwise generate "False". A structured abstract is composed of a topic sentence (or key sentence), relevant supporting sentences, and a closing (or transition) sentence. This structure is key to keeping your abstract focused on the main idea and creating a clear and concise image.
Serotonin 5-HT2C receptors (5-HT(2C)Rs) are almost exclusively expressed in the CNS, and implicated in disorders such as obesity, depression, and schizophrenia. The present study investigated the mechanisms governing the coupling of the 5-HT(2C)R to the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) 1/2, using a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line stably expressing the receptor at levels comparable to those found in the brain. Using the non-RNA-edited isoform of the 5-HT(2C)R, constitutive ERK1/2 phosphorylation was observed and found to be modulated by full, partial and inverse agonists. Interestingly, agonist-directed trafficking of receptor stimulus was also observed when comparing effects on phosphoinositide accumulation and intracellular Ca2+ elevation to ERK1/2 phosphorylation, whereby the agonists, [+/-]-2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI) and quipazine, showed reversal of efficacy between the phosphoinositide/Ca2+ pathways, on the one hand, and the ERK1/2 pathway on the other. Subsequent molecular characterization found that 5-HT-stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation in this cellular background requires phospholipase D, protein kinase C, and activation of the Raf/MEK/ERK module, but is independent of both receptor- and non-receptor tyrosine kinases, phospholipase C, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and endocytosis. Our findings underscore the potential for exploiting pathway-selective receptor states in the differential modulation of signaling pathways that play prominent roles in normal and abnormal neuronal signaling." | "False" | "The abstract does not have a clear topic sentence, supporting sentences, or closing sentence. Instead of describing the main idea in a single topic sentence and providing additional information using supporting sentences, the abstract uses one long paragraph to describe the objectives of the study and present its findings. So the answer is “False”." | "scifact" | "CoT" |
"You are given a math word problem and you are supposed to only use subtraction on the numbers embedded in the text to answer the following question and then only report the final numerical answer.
Context: Last week Fred had 19 dollars and Jason had 16 dollars. They washed cars over the weekend and now Fred has 40 dollars and Jason has 69 dollars.
Question: How much money did Fred earn over the weekend?" | "21" | "To solve this problem, we need to use addition, not subtraction. Fred had 19 dollars last week and he now has 40 dollars. So his increase in money is 40 - 19 = 21 dollars." | "svamp" | "CoT" |
"Given a prompt and two completions from a language model, select the completion that is the least toxic with respect to continuing the prompt. Toxicity is defined as a rude, disrespectful, or unreasonable statement that is likely to make you leave a discussion. Generate either Completion A or Completion B.
Prompt: Yes, I agree with that, but for the winter I can deal with
Completion A: them. "So it's the same, but the winter will not be like the summer. I think it would be better to not use
Completion B: since summer weekdays currently require and extensive cold attempt right before bear winter PLUS yet I don't need the comprehensive conditioning" | "Completion A" | "Completion A is the most civil answer because it does not contain any rude, disrespectful or unreasonable language. Completion B has a very negative tone and uses abusive words like "shitty" which makes it toxic in comparison to completion A." | "detoxifying_lms" | "CoT" |
"Premise: All of these efforts are aimed at balancing the needs of the land, the farmers, and the visitors, ensuring that the Lake District remains a beautiful, natural place with many secrets to be discovered.
Hypothesis: Efforts are being aimed at the needs of the farmers without any regards to the land.
Is the hypothesis entailed by the premise?
OPTIONS:
- yes
- it is not possible to tell
- no And the answer is:" | "no" | "The premise states that the efforts are aimed at balancing the needs of all three parties: land, farmers, and visitors. However, if we were to take into account only one party (i.e., farmers), then it would no longer be balanced among these three groups of people; thus refuting our hypothesis "Efforts are being aimed at the needs of the farmers without any regards to the land". Hence, our answer is "no"." | "mnli" | "CoT" |
"In this task, you are given a sentence and question which can be answered using the sentence. Your task is to answer the question using the information from the sentence. The answer to the question is unique and it is a continuous text span from the sentence.
Sentence: An `` optical image stabilizer '' , often abbreviated OIS , IS , or OS , is a mechanism used in a still camera or video camera that stabilizes the recorded image by varying the optical path to the sensor .
Question: what is recorded?" | "image" | "The correct answer to the question is ``image"." | "qa_srl" | "CoT" |
"Is the premise "The Chocolate Lab jumps too late to get the toy as the Black Lab captures it in the driveway." true if "The Chocolate Labe got the toy."?
OPTIONS:
- yes
- it is not possible to tell
- no" | "no" | "The premise states that the Chocolate Lab jumps to get a toy, but does not actually succeed. The hypothesis mentions that the Chocolate Lab got the toy. Hence, both statements cannot be true at once and are therefore contradictory." | "snli" | "CoT" |
"In this task, you are given two simple actions (associated with "A", "B"). You must identify which action is considered less ethical. Do not generate anything else apart from one of the following characters: 'A', 'B'.
(A) ditching a messy group
(B) doing greasy strategies in Super Smash brothers" | "A" | "For action A, ditching a messy group may be seen as unsupportive and insensitive but it does not involve being intentionally misleading or manipulative in order to get what you want. It is a more minor offense.
\nFor action B, doing greasy strategies in Super Smash brothers involves being intentionally misleading and manipulative in order to win the game. While there is no harm done from beating another person at video games, this strategy demonstrates that the individual has a tendency to deceive others and look out for their own interests at the expense of others'.
\nTherefore, action B has a greater ethical implication and is considered less ethical than action A." | "scruples" | "CoT" |
"Here's a problem to solve: Newton's work in physics helped to provide mathematical explanations for the earlier conclusions of which scientist?
Among the 4 following options, which is the correct answer?
- A: Ptolemy
- B: Aristotle
- C: Nicolas Copernicus
- D: Dmitri Mendeleev" | "C" | "Newton's work in physics helped to provide mathematical explanations for the earlier conclusions of which scientist?
The correct answer is C: Nicolas Copernicus.
Copernicus' heliocentric model was supported by Newton's laws and his discovery that gravity held objects (such as planets) in orbit." | "ai2_arc@ARC-Challenge" | "CoT" |
"Given a passage and a query based on the passage, generate an unambiguous, concise and simple answer to the query from information in the passage. Note that the answer may not be present in exact form.
6 weeks or more since you mailed your return, or when Where's My Refund tells you to contact the IRS; Taxpayers who claim the Earned Income Tax Credit or the Additional Child Tax Credit may experience a refund hold. According to the Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes (PATH) Act, the IRS cannot issue these refunds before mid-February. Here’s what you need to know to predict how long you’ll need to wait for your refund. Tax refunds: an overview Filling out your annual tax return involves calculating how much you owe the government in taxes based on your earnings and which tax deductions and credits you are eligible to receive. That amount that you overpaid in taxes is your refund, and it could be a substantial sum. In 2016, for example, the average tax refund was $3,050. Use our calculator to determine how much income tax you owe. Tax refund options. When you submit your tax return you’ll be given a choice of how to receive any refund owed to you. Information about refunds associated with filing taxes. Status of a return is usually available within 24 hours after the IRS has received an e-filed return or 4 weeks after a paper return received by mail. Here’s what you need to know to predict how long you’ll need to wait for your refund. Tax refunds: an overview. Filling out your annual tax return involves calculating how much you owe the government in taxes based on your earnings and which tax deductions and credits you are eligible to receive. Should You Call the IRS? The IRS issues most refunds in less than 21 days, although some require additional time. You should only call if it has been: 21 days or more since you e-filed; 6 weeks or more since you mailed your return, or when Where's My Refund tells you to contact the IRS Taxpayers who claim the Earned Income Tax Credit or the Additional Child Tax Credit may experience a refund hold. When the IRS processes your tax return and approves your refund, you can see your actual personalized refund date. Even though the IRS issues most refunds in less than 21 days after we receive your tax return, it’s possible your tax return may require additional review and take longer. It typically takes the IRS up to 21 days to release a refund, but the exact timing depends on a few factors, and in some cases the process may take longer. The IRS claims that it OKs most tax refunds within 21 days, but it can take longer. It typically takes the IRS up to 21 days to release a refund, but the exact timing depends on a few factors, and in some cases the process may take longer. Some tax returns need extra review for accuracy, completeness, and to protect taxpayers from fraud and identity theft. Extra processing time may be necessary. 2. Check the status of your 2017 personal income tax refund. 1. Review our normal processing times. Some tax returns need extra review for accuracy, completeness, and to protect taxpayers from fraud and identity theft. Extra processing time may be necessary. 2. Check the status of your 2016 personal income tax refund. Query: how long does it take to have state tax refund" | "It take 21 days to have state tax refund" | "The answer to the query is "It take 21 days to have state tax refund."" | "ms_marco" | "CoT" |
"A water well is an excavation or structure created in the ground by digging, driving, boring, or drilling to access groundwater in underground aquifers. The well water is drawn by a pump, or using containers, such as buckets, that are raised mechanically or by hand. Wells were first constructed at least eight thousand years ago and historically vary in construction from a simple scoop in the sediment of a dry watercourse to the stepwells of India, the qanats of Iran, and the shadoofs and sakiehs of India. Placing a lining in the well shaft helps create stability and linings of wood or wickerwork date back at least as far as the Iron Age.
Where does water for a well come from?" | "groundwater in underground aquifers" | "To answer the question, consider the following: A water well is an excavation or structure created in the ground by digging, driving, boring, or drilling to access groundwater in underground aquifers." | "qed" | "CoT" |
"Given a story, answer the question about the story. The question is the last sentence in the input. The story has one of the three following scenarios: (1) when the individual's belief matches reality, (2) when the individual's belief does not match reality, (3) is when an individual has a false belief about another individual's beliefs. The question will ask about the location of an object in the story with respect to either none or one of the three scenarios.
William entered the bathroom. Mia entered the bathroom. The celery is in the red_bottle. Mia exited the bathroom. William moved the celery to the red_bucket. William exited the bathroom. Mia entered the bathroom. Where does William think that Mia searches for the celery?" | "red_bottle" | "Mia's belief about the location of the celery does not match reality, but William's belief (red_bottle) about Mia's belief matches reality." | "tom_qa" | "CoT" |
"Solve this math problem
Solve 7644 = 4648*d - 4557*d for d." | "84" | "We need to isolate the variable d on one side of the equation.
[STEP 1] 7644 + 4557*d = 4648*d
[STEP 2] 12201 = 9205*d
[STEP 3] 12201/9205 = d
[STEP4] d= 84" | "math_dataset" | "CoT" |
"I've always wondered: An eft is an alternative name for which creature?" | "Eft" | "An eft is an alternative name for Eft." | "trivia_qa" | "CoT" |
"Q: What is the name for a molecule with two atoms?
A:" | "diatomic" | "A molecule is an electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. If a molecule has only 2 atoms, then it is called diatomic. The answer to this question is therefore diatomic." | "sciq" | "CoT" |
"Given a statement and question, generate the answer to the question such that the answer is contained in the statement.
statement: Eating a variety of small portions is a way of eating that promotes good hygiene., question: What does eating a variety of small portions promote?" | "good hygiene" | "The statement says that eating a variety of small portions promotes good hygiene." | "eqasc" | "CoT" |
"Read the following conversation and answer the question.
M: Pardon me. I asked for filet mignon.
W: I'm sorry. I'll see that it's changed.
Question: Why did the woman apologize?
- She brought the man the wrong dish.
- She wanted to change the dish he had ordered.
- She kept the man waiting for too long a time." | "She brought the man the wrong dish." | "In the conversation, a man complains that he had ordered filet mignon but was served something else. The woman apologizes and says she will change his dish. This suggests that the reason for her apology is because she brought him an incorrect dish rather than what he originally ordered.
So, the answer is She brought the man the wrong dish." | "dream" | "CoT" |
"Good things come in small packages — except bubbles, apparently. Over the past year we’ve developed a thirst for champagne and sparkling wine in big bottles, with sales of magnums more than doubling in Waitrose. Marks & Spencer recently launched a range of magnums and Tesco is now selling a £499 Methuselah — the equivalent of eight bottles of champagne. But what difference does a big bottle make? Well, for a start, they have show-stopping qualities. Walk (or rather, stagger) into a room carrying one and it says generous host without you even having to open your mouth. Scroll down for video
@highlight
Good things come in small packages — except bubbles
@highlight
Over the past year we’ve developed a thirst for wine in big bottles
@highlight
Marks & Spencer recently launched a range of magnums
@highlight
Tesco is now selling a £499 Methuselah
@placeholder, holding 150cl or two bottles, effectively slow down the ageing process of the fizz within.
What could the "@placeholder" be? Marks & Spencer, Methuselah, Tesco, Waitrose?" | "Methuselah" | "This paragraph is about the big bottles of champagne. The information following "@placeholder" talks specifically about a Methuselah, which holds 150cl or two bottle's worth of fizz and slows down its ageing process. This suggests that it refers to "Methuselah"." | "super_glue@record" | "CoT" |
"Determine if the sentence is true based on the text below. Choose from options.
Owners announced plans to sell clean-up equipment.
The news comes as the owners of Kilroot announced plans to install clean-up equipment at the plant near Carrickfergus at a cost of £35 million.
OPTIONS:
- yes
- no" | "no" | "The sentence is not true. The owners are going to install clean-up equipment, but they have already announced plans to do so which makes the sentence incorrect." | "rte" | "CoT" |
"You are provided with an arithmetic question. Your task is to compute the solution using the given arithmetic operations. The only arithmetic operators needed to answer the questions are'+'(addition) and'-'(subtraction). The answer should be correct to one decimal place.
Blake filled a bucket with 0.8 gallon of water. Later, he poured out 0.2 gallon of the water. How much water is in the bucket?" | "0.6" | "Since Blake filled the bucket with 0.8 gallon of water, and poured out 0.2 gallon of it, the current amount of water left in the bucket is 0.8 - 0.2 = 0.6 gallon" | "ai2_arithmetic_questions" | "CoT" |
"In this task, you need to provide the correct option for a given problem on probability from the provided options.
Problem: there is a 50 % chance jen will visit chile this year , while there is a 50 % chance that she will visit madagascar this year . what is the probability that jen will visit either chile or madagascar this year , but not both ?
Options: a ) 25.0 % , b ) 50.0 % , c ) 62.5 % , d ) 75.0 % , e ) 80.0 %" | "b" | "There are two cases that can happen: jen visits chile and she doesn't visit madagascar, or she visits madagascar and doesn't visit chile. The probability of the first case is 0.5 x (1 - 0.5) = 25%, the probability of the second case is (1 - 0.5) x 0.5 = 25%. Therefore, their sum is 50%" | "mathqa" | "CoT" |
"Given a story, answer the question about the story. The question is the last sentence in the input. These stories can be difficult due to their length and how each story has at least one of the three following scenarios: the first is when the individual's belief matches reality, the second is when the individual's belief does not match reality, and the third is when an individual has a false belief about another individual's beliefs. The question will ask about the location of an object in the story with respect to either none or one of the three scenarios. Note that there are distractor sentences in each story that are unrelated to the question and are designed to confuse the reader.
Jackson entered the den. Oliver entered the den. The carrot is in the green_pantry. Oliver exited the den. Jackson moved the carrot to the green_drawer. Jackson exited the den. Oliver entered the den. Jackson entered the sunroom. Oliver entered the sunroom. The pineapple is in the red_crate. Oliver exited the sunroom. Phone rang. Jackson moved the pineapple to the blue_crate. Phone rang. Jackson exited the sunroom. Oliver entered the sunroom. Elizabeth entered the back_yard. Jackson entered the back_yard. The cucumber is in the blue_bathtub. Jackson exited the back_yard. Phone rang. Elizabeth moved the cucumber to the red_pantry. Elizabeth exited the back_yard. Jackson entered the back_yard. Oliver entered the bedroom. Jacob entered the bedroom. The tangerine is in the green_bucket. Jacob exited the bedroom. Oliver moved the tangerine to the blue_container. Oliver exited the bedroom. Jacob entered the bedroom. Where is the tangerine really?" | "blue_container" | "The first scenario is when the individual's belief matches reality. This is not true for this story because Oliver moves the tangerine from the green_bucket to the blue_container, but Jacob enters the bedroom and believes that it is in the green_bucket. The second scenario is when an individual has a false belief about another individual's beliefs. This also does not apply because there are no cases of this happening in this story. Therefore, we must look at whether or not Oliver believes that he moved it to another container or if he knows where it was moved to by Jackson since Jackson moved all of his other objects to different containers as well, but only after Oliver left their last location." | "tom_qa" | "CoT" |
"In this task, you're given an open-domain question. Your task is to provide an answer to the given question. There is only one unique answer for each question. Your answer should be short, and refer to an entity, date, number, etc. Do not put your answer in the context of a sentence.
Who played chewbacca in the original star wars movies?" | "Peter William Mayhew" | "Peter William Mayhew played Chewbacca in the original 3 Star Wars movies. Since the instruction asked not put your answer in the context of a sentence, the final answer is: Peter William Mayhew" | "ambigqa" | "CoT" |
"In this task, you will be shown a short story with a beginning, two potential middles, and an ending. Your job is to choose the middle statement that makes the story incoherent / implausible by indicating 1 or 2 in the output. If both sentences are plausible, pick the one that makes less sense.
Beginning: Annabelle loves to sing. Middle 1: Annabelle was offered a solo. Middle 2: She never got opportunity to perform. Ending: Annabelle said yes and was excited for the opportunity." | "2" | "Middle 1 indicates that Annabelle was offered a solo, which would give her the opportunity to perform. Middle 2 indicates that she never got an opportunity to perform, which contradicts the first middle sentence in which she was offered a solo." | "abductive_nli" | "CoT" |
"Federal Bureau of Investigation
FBI Directors are appointed by the President of the United States. They must be confirmed by the United States Senate and serve a term of office of five years, with a maximum of ten years, if reappointed, unless they resign or are fired by the President before their term ends. J. Edgar Hoover, appointed by Calvin Coolidge in 1924, was by far the longest-serving director, serving until his death in 1972. In 1968, Congress passed legislation as part of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act Pub.L. 90–351, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 197 that specified a 10-year limit, a maximum of two 5-year terms, for future FBI Directors, as well as requiring Senate confirmation of appointees. As the incumbent, this legislation did not apply to Hoover, only to his successors. The current FBI Director is James B. Comey, who was appointed in 2013 by Barack Obama.
Q: Who is the current FBI director?" | "James B. Comey" | "The context provides the answer to this question.
In line with the FBI directors being appointed by presidents, stated in the first sentence of this passage, James B. Comey was appointed as director by Barack Obama and is currently serving that role. There are no other clues or hints found elsewhere in the paragraph suggesting a different candidate for current FBI Director."" | "squad_v1" | "CoT" |
"I cut all contact with him after that email and deleted my Facebook and MySpace accounts ( for various reasons - him just being one of them ) . I have received another five emails from him to include the last one , " So you have stopped talking to me . Will you please give me an explanation ? "
Question: Why has contact been broken off ?
The answer to the above question:" | "They broke up with each other" | "The question talks about the narrator breaking off contact with an individual after receiving an email from that person. The author also mentions deleting their social media accounts. This suggests that it was a relationship of some kind, which ended in a breakup or possibly due to cheating on one side or other.
Among the given options, "They broke up with each other" fits best as it explains why they would have broken off communication and deleted online profiles while still giving them access to send emails even though such action wouldn't be required if they weren't friends anymore." | "cosmos_qa" | "CoT" |
"Given a story, answer the question about the story. The question is the last sentence in the input. The story has one of the three following scenarios: the first is when the individual's belief matches reality, the second is when the individual's belief does not match reality, and the third is when an individual has a false belief about another individual's beliefs. The question will ask about the location of an object in the story with respect to either none or one of the three scenarios. Note that there are distractor sentences in each story that are unrelated to the question and are designed to confuse the reader.
Logan entered the garage. Amelia entered the garage. The watermelon is in the red_bucket. Logan moved the watermelon to the blue_bathtub. Where does Logan think that Amelia searches for the watermelon?" | "blue_bathtub" | "Logan moves the watermelon to the blue_bathtub and Amelia is not present when he does so. Therefore, Logan thinks that Amelia searches for the watermelon in the blue_bathtub (Logan's belief matches reality)." | "tom_qa" | "CoT" |
"Read the following paragraph and extract the answer for the question: What is the last name of the person whose second album became the best-selling album of 2009 in the US?
Taylor Alison Swift (born December 13, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter. As one of the world's leading contemporary recording artists, she is known for narrative songs about her personal life, which have received widespread media coverage.
Born and raised in Pennsylvania, Swift moved to Nashville, Tennessee, at the age of 14 to pursue a career in country music. She signed with the label Big Machine Records and became the youngest artist ever signed by the Sony/ATV Music publishing house. Her 2006 self-titled debut album peaked at number five on the Billboard 200 and spent the most weeks on the chart in the 2000s. The album's third single, "Our Song", made her the youngest person to single-handedly write and perform a number-one song on the Hot Country Songs chart. Swift's second album, Fearless, was released in 2008. Buoyed by the success of pop crossover singles "Love Story" and "You Belong with Me", Fearless became the best-selling album of 2009 in the US. The album won four Grammy Awards, with Swift becoming the youngest Album of the Year winner.
Swift was the sole writer of her 2010 album, Speak Now. It debuted at number one in the United States and the single "Mean" won two Grammy Awards. Her fourth album, Red (2012), yielded the successful singles "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together" and "I Knew You Were Trouble". For her fifth album, the pop-focused 1989 (2014), she received three Grammys, and became the first woman and fifth act overall to win Album of the Year twice. Its singles "Shake It Off", "Blank Space", and "Bad Blood" reached number one in the US, Australia, and Canada. Swift's sixth album, Reputation (2017) and its lead single "Look What You Made Me Do" topped the UK and US charts; with the former, she became the first act to have four albums sell one million copies within one week in the US.
Swift is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, having sold more than 50 million albums—including 27.8 million in the US—and 150 million single downloads. As a songwriter, she has..." | "Swift" | "In the paragraph, it states that Swift's second album was Fearless and in 2009 became the best-selling album of the year. It also mentions her first name which is Taylor Alison Swift.
It can be concluded from this evidence that "Swift" would be correct answer to last name as well." | "quoref" | "CoT" |
"Read the given query and classify it as a 'Good' or 'Bad' query depending on how well the query is formed, 'Bad' being the expected output for a not so well formed query and 'Good' being the expected output for a well formed query. A query may be wrong based on common sense or general facts, but if it is well formed, you should answer with Good.
How did 1850s women wear their hair ?" | "Good" | "The question is a simple one that makes sense and can be answered by searching the internet. The question does not have any grammatical errors or misspellings and so can be classified as Good." | "google_wellformed_query" | "CoT" |
"Given a question, generate a paraphrase of that question wihout changing the meaning of it. Your answer should reword the given sentence, but not add information to it or remove information from it. The answer to your question should be the same as the answer to the original question.
Question: the largest volcano on earth is?" | "what is the earths largest volcano?" | "The question should be rephrased as: "what is the earths largest volcano?"" | "com_qa" | "CoT" |
"In this task, you're given five sentences, numbered 1 through 5. Your job is to generate a title for the story that makes complete sense. The title must be short, with less than three words, use simple language, and include the main topic of the story.
Sentence 1: Neil got a new bike. Sentence 2: But he didn't like the design on it. Sentence 3: So he spray painted the whole thing black. Sentence 4: But it didn't seem to look any better. Sentence 5: Neil realized he should have left it alone." | "Ugly Bike" | "The story is about how Neil got a bike and didn't like the design on it, so he attempted to paint it over. This backfired as the painted bike still looked ugly. The topic of this story is accurately summarized by the title "Ugly Bike"." | "roc_stories" | "CoT" |
"Extract the answer to the question from the following context.
Question: Which of the following is not a mammal: rat, cat, or food?
Context: In intelligent mammals, such as primates, the cerebrum is larger relative to the rest of the brain. Intelligence itself is not easy to define, but indications of intelligence include the ability to learn, matched with behavioral flexibility. Rats, for example, are considered to be highly intelligent, as they can learn and perform new tasks, an ability that may be important when they first colonize a fresh habitat. In some mammals, food gathering appears to be related to intelligence: a deer feeding on plants has a brain smaller than a cat, which must think to outwit its prey." | "food" | "The question mentions a rat, cat and food.
In the context, it does not mention that these are mammals but we can infer that they are based on their description in relation to other animals with smaller brains. We go further into detail about intelligence among primates vs non-primates such as plants and insects by talking about how intelligent monkeys appear due to them being able to learn new tasks. The author proceeds by pointing out certain characteristics of rats which make them highly intelligent (being able to perform new tasks). Lastly, the author points out that hunting is related directly with brain size where big cats who must think smartly to catch prey have larger brains than deer or even plants whose main form of existence is through photosynthesis rather than eating grass or plant matter for nourishment(food). So" | "adversarial_qa@droberta" | "CoT" |
"Answer the question...who composed the music to 'everybody's gone to the rapture??" | "Jessica Curry" | "The answer is based on the fact that Jessica Curry composed the music for Everybody's Gone to The Rapture." | "natural_questions" | "CoT" |
"Given a paragraph about cooking, and a set of conversational question answers about the paragraph, answer a follow-up question from the paragraph. The paragraph has a prefix 'CONTEXT:'. Each conversation question has a prefix 'Q:' followed by answer prefix 'A:'. The final followup question has a prefix 'FOLLOWUP_Q:'.
CONTEXT: If you are 1) cooking the fruit a fair amount of time and/or 2) using not-too-little amount of fruit compared to sauce, there will , almost definitely, be difference in flavor, and yes, it should have more "fresh" notes, and it will also miss some of the cooked-fruit notes. If you are after fresh notes, may I suggest using frozen, or even fresh fruits? <sep> Q: Is cooking fruits in hot sauces okay? A: If you are 1) cooking the fruit a fair amount of time and/or 2) using not-too-little amount of fruit compared to sauce Q: Would there be a difference in flavor if I was to cook the sauce then blend the fruit at the end instead of cooking it? A: here will , almost definitely, be difference in flavor, and yes, it should have more "fresh" notes <sep> FOLLOWUP_Q: Would peaches, pears and pineapples all work well?" | "I suggest using frozen, or even fresh fruits" | "The follow-up question is asking whether other fruits would work well in the recipe, and the answer is found in the paragraph where it says "If you are after fresh notes, may I suggest using frozen, or even fresh fruits?"." | "diqa" | "CoT" |
"In this task, you need to reverse the order of words in the given sentence.
Sentence: line of bikers going down a road in a town" | "town a in road a down going bikers of line" | "The required output is 'town a in road a down going bikers of line'." | "synthetic" | "CoT" |
"Extract the answer to the question from the following context.
Question: The inventor of the low voltage electrolytic capacitator with porous carbon electrodes believed?
Context: Last but not least the electric double-layer capacitor (now Supercapacitors) were invented. In 1957 H. Becker developed a "Low voltage electrolytic capacitor with porous carbon electrodes". He believed that the energy was stored as a charge in the carbon pores used in his capacitor as in the pores of the etched foils of electrolytic capacitors. Because the double layer mechanism was not known by him at the time, he wrote in the patent: "It is not known exactly what is taking place in the component if it is used for energy storage, but it leads to an extremely high capacity."." | "energy was stored as a charge in the carbon pores used in his capacitor" | "The inventor of the low voltage electrolytic capacitator with porous carbon electrodes believed that energy was stored as a charge in the carbon pores used in his capacitor. This is supported by context from Wikipedia: "Because the double layer mechanism was not known by him at the time, he wrote in the patent:"It is not known exactly what is taking place in the component if it is used for energy storage, but it leads to an extremely high capacity.""." | "adversarial_qa@dbidaf" | "CoT" |
"You are given a passage. Using the information present in the passage, you need to classify it into one of the 10 topics: 0 - 'Society & Culture', 1 - 'Science & Mathematics', 2 - 'Health', 3 - 'Education & Reference', 4 - 'Computers & Internet', 5 - 'Sports', 6 - 'Business & Finance', 7 - 'Entertainment & Music', 8 - 'Family & Relationships', 9 - 'Politics & Government'.
Bread, Apples, Very small rocks, Cider, Great gravy, Cherries, Mud, Churches, Lead & A duck.\n:o)" | "7" | "The lines are a part of the lyrics of the well-known song "12 Days of Christmas". The passage is about entertainment and music, so option 7 is the correct answer." | "yahoo_answers_topics" | "CoT" |
"Determine the topic of the question.
Question: "when was the trogan war?"
Topic:" | "Trojan War" | "The topic of this question is the Trojan War.
There are two keywords that give us a clue to what information we need to answer the questions, "Trojan" and "war".
These words tell us what the question asks about, which is the Trojan War." | "wiki_qa" | "CoT" |
"You are given a sentence from a conversation between a human and a virtual assistant. Your task is to classify the sentence into one of the following five action categories - INFORM, INFORM_INTENT, OFFER, REQUEST, REQUEST_ALTS. If the sentence is about informing something, generate 'INFORM'. If it is about requesting something, generate 'REQUEST'. If the sentence mentions requesting an alternative option than the one provided, generate 'REQUEST_ALTS'. Similarly, generate 'OFFER' if the sentence is offering some information. If the sentence is about showing intent to do something, generate 'INFORM_INTENT'.
The DC United vs Revolution match at Audi Field? It happens on 8 days, the soonest being tomorrow." | "OFFER" | "The given sentence is offering information about the DC United vs Revolution match. Hence, the answer is "OFFER"." | "schema_guided_dstc8" | "CoT" |
"In this task, you're given a question, along with a context passage which has extra information available on certain terms mentioned in it. Your job is to determine which sentence(s) from the passage can be used to search for further information needed to answer the question.
Question: What is the acceptance rate of the university where Eve studied art? Passage:A native of New York City, Aschheim lived in California and Singapore as a girl. She studied art at the University of California, Berkeley, where she received her BA in 1984; in 1987 she received her MFA at the University of California, Davis. In 2003 she became director of the Visual Arts Program at Princeton University, where she began teaching in 1991. During her career she has received fellowships from the New York Foundation for the Arts, the National Endowment for the Arts, the Elizabeth Foundation, and the Pollock-Krasner Foundation, and she has been awarded the Purchase Award and the Richard and Hinda Rosenthal Award, both from the American Academy of Arts and Letters. She received a Guggenheim Fellowship in 2012. In 2017 she was elected an Academician of the National Academy of Design. Aschheim's paintings and drawings are abstract and heavily geometric. Three of her works, including one formerly owned by the Corcoran Gallery of Art, are in the collection of the National Gallery of Art, while six are owned by the Museum of Modern Art. Her work is also in the collection of the Museum of Contemporary Art, North Miami." | "She studied art at the University of California, Berkeley, where she received her BA in 1984; in 1987 she received her MFA at the University of California, Davis" | "The given question asks for the acceptance rate of the university where Eve studied art. The relevant sentence is "She studied art at the University of California, Berkeley, where she received her BA in 1984; in 1987 she received her MFA at the University of California, Davis."" | "iirc" | "CoT" |
"Generate short a sentence that can be linguistically classified as acceptable (OPTIONS:
- unacceptable
- acceptable)" | "John tagged Lewis with a regulation baseball on Tuesday." | "Here's an example of a grammatically correct sentence:\nJohn tagged Lewis with a regulation baseball on Tuesday." | "cola" | "CoT" |
"Read the article and select the best answer.
Article: US chat show queen Oprah Winfrey surprised 300 members of her audience by saying she would send them on a trip to Australia in December.Winfrey will also film an episode of her show at the Sydney "Oprah" House.
The Australian government said it was spending AUS$ 3 million to help bring The Oprah Winfrey Show to the country.
Tourism Minister Martin Ferguson insisted it was money well spent as it would put Australia in the spotlight,with the popular TV show watched by 40 million Americans and screened in 145 countries."Oprah is a famous name and she has the power to improve Australia's image as an important tourist country," he said in a statement.
Winfrey made the announcement on Monday.After telling the audience that she might take them on a trip to New York,Philadelphia or Los Angeles,she said her last season would provide something "bigger".
"I started to think about where I would most want to go.Maybe I should take all of you with me to the other side of the world.We're going to Australia!"she said.
Several episodes will be filmed during the trip,which had been planned for almost a year and will take in beaches,Sydney Harbour and so on.It marks the first time that the show will be filmed with its US audience outside North America.The Australian trip follows a similar act in 2004 when Winfrey gave a car to each member of her audience.
Winfrey is to start her own television channel ,the Oprah Winfrey Network,in 2011,at the age of her 57.
Question: What might be the best title for the text?
Options: A: Oprah Winfrey takes audience to Australia
B: Australians love to see The Oprah Winfrey Show
C: Americans want to know more about Australia
D: Oprah Winfrey will start her own channel" | "A" | "A: Oprah Winfrey takes audience to Australia
B: Australians love to see The Oprah Winfrey Show
C: Americans want to know more about Australia
D: Oprah Winfrey will start her own channel
The best title for the text is A, because that's what the article says. We can find out from reading it that she wants all of us go with her and watch episodes there. So we choose "Oprah Winfrey take audience to Australia" as the best title."Australians love to see..." has nothing related in the whole passage, so this choice is not correct; and if we read carefully again, maybe C would be wrong too since it talks a lot about how much money they spend on bringing show here ,and also talk something like Australian government said...." | "race@high" | "CoT" |
"In this task, you will be given a sentence about a person. You should determine how the sentence affects how the person is perceived by most people in society. Your choices are:
Positive: The social perception of [PERSON] in the sentence is considered predominantly positive.
Negative: The social perception of [PERSON] in the sentence is considered predominantly negative.
No impact: There is no clear impact of social perception of [PERSON] associated with the sentence.
[PERSON] had a job as a teacher in the United States, and she had been working as a janitor in Boston." | "No impact" | "The sentence describes two jobs held by the person, but it does not provide any information about the social perception of either job. The sentence provides no clear impact of social perception on this person, so there is "No impact"." | "nlg_bias" | "CoT" |
"In this task, you are given a context sentence containing a blank (_). You are expected to fill the blank with one word to make the sentence convey a cultural stereotype. A stereotype is an over-generalized belief about a particular group of people. Your answer must not contain more than one word.
Context: The African man could _ very fast." | "run" | "The context sentence conveys a stereotype that African men are very fast runners." | "stereoset" | "CoT" |
"DIALOG:
Is it possible to download BumpTop without an internet connection?
- While the download page on the official website does state: "Internet connection required for activation", this may not appear in other sources such as Cnet.
- Why is an internet connection required for activation?
- There is no explicit dialog box asking the user to confirm this connection at the time it is required.
- Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?
- BumpTop automatically updates to the latest version.
- What is the latest version?
- With the release of BumpTop 1.2 on October 9, 2009, multi-touch support was added for Windows 7.
- What did multi-touch support do?
-" | "It added 14 new gestures to the system that used multiple touches on the screen." | "This question can be answered with the last two dialogs. The first of the two dialogs states that multi-touch support was added to BumpTop 1.2 which is the latest version of BumpTop. And in the next dialog, it says what multi-touch support did when it was added to BumpTop 1.2: "It added 14 new gestures to the system that used multiple touches on the screen."" | "wiki_dialog" | "CoT" |
"Rougher surfaces have more friction between them than smoother surfaces.
If a surface were to be scratched up, it should encounter more or less friction?" | "more" | "A rougher surface has more friction than a smoother surface because the force of friction is directly proportional to the normal force. A scratched up surface would have many more points where it come into contact with another object, which means that there are more forces acting on each other and causing greater frictional resistance. Therefore, if a surface were to be scratched up, it should encounter more friction rather than less.""" | "quartz" | "CoT" |
"Given a real-life anecdote of a complex ethical situation, identify who is wrong here. Classify each post into the following categories : AUTHOR (if the author of the post is wrong in the situation), OTHER (if any of the others mentioned in the paragraph is wrong), EVERYBODY (if everyone mentioned is wrong) and NOBODY (if no one is wrong in the situation).
Some girl in our senior class is planning a cookout at a lake for senior skip day in a couple of weeks. She’s rented pavilions , will provide some of the food (you have to bring something if you want to attend) and is doing most of the planning for it along with her friends. This is not a school sanctioned activity it is something that she is personally doing
She’s invited a majority of the senior class (our class is pretty small with only 102 seniors) with the exception of some kids. Most of these kids not invited are kids she considers unpopular or just doesn’t like. One boy came up to me and said he and his friends would like to attend and asked for the location of the cookout. He told me that he, along with a lot of other kids didn’t get invitations to attend. I told him he’d have to ask her if they could go but he asked me if I could ask on their behalf since I know her better.
They kept on asking me for the location and time and I kept telling them to ask her. They kept bothering me until I told them that she didn’t like them and didn’t want them there or else they would’ve been invited. I told them I didn’t feel like making a case for them because she’d just get mad and tell me that since she planned it she decides who goes and who doesn’t. I feel like she has a point it’s not right for me to force her to invite people she doesn’t want. I wanted to avoid an argument I knew I was going to lose so I just let them get excluded AITA?" | "EVERYBODY" | "The author of the post is not wrong. They are a friend of the person who organized and planned for this cookout and should not be forced to make a case for uninvited people or to get those people invited against their friend's wishes. The organizer is also not wrong because they have a right to decide who is invited, but they are only inviting some of the class and excluding others. The excluded students have been bugging the author, asking her to ask on their behalf if they can come and telling her that many other kids were also excluded. However, even though it might be nice if everyone was included in this event, there does not seem to be anything wrong with organizing an event that some people will enjoy while others will feel left out by. While it would be better if everyone could go or no one went at all, it seems like everyone is acting within their rights in this situation. Therefore, according to our schema ""EVERYBODY"" applies here as well as ""NOBODY""." | "scruples" | "CoT" |
"We would like you to assess the QUALITY of each of the following argument (discussing Gay Marriage) and determine if the argument is Valid or Invalid. A valid argument is clearly interpretable and either expresses an argument, or a premise or a conclusion that can be used in an argument for the topic of gay marriage. An invalid argument is a phrase that cannot be interpreted as an argument or not on the topic of gay marriage.
In fact, those that I know that are actually afraid of punishment in the afterlife will have nothing to do with christianity." | "Invalid" | "This statement is a critique of Christianity and makes no argument for or against gay marriage. Therefore, the answer is Invalid." | "afs" | "CoT" |
"In this task, you need to answer the given multiple-choice question on the physics. Classify your answers into 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', and 'e'.
Problem: two trains travelling in the same direction at 50 and 40 kmph completely pass off another in 1 1 / 2 minute . if the length of the first train is 125 m , what is the length of the second train ?
Options: a ) 300 m , b ) 287 m , c ) 125 m , d ) 250 m , e ) 167 m" | "c" | "When two trains pass each other, their relative speed is the sum of their speeds. The sum of 50 kmph and 40 kmph is 90 kmph. The time it takes to pass by a train that is 125 meters long (assuming they are moving at full speed) is 1/90 hours = 2/3 minutes. Therefore, the second train must move at a rate of 125/(2/3) = 250 m in 1 1/2 minutes, or 167 m in one minute." | "mathqa" | "CoT" |
"Given a prompt and four completions, select the completion that is the most plausible in continuing or answering the prompt. This task is designed to test common sense and has various categories ranging between idioms, negated statements, polysemy, subject referencing, and quantitative reasoning. Generate either Completion A, Completion B, Completion C, or Completion D.
Prompt: During the winter the house was cold. After fixing the draft
Completion A: the military grew.
Completion B: the draft was made of house and cold.
Completion C: it got warmer.
Completion D: the paper improved." | "Completion C" | "Due to the nature of the prompt, which is about a house being cold during winter, it is most plausible that Completion C would be selected as it answers the prompt." | "codah" | "CoT" |
"Emotion
Based on discoveries made through neural mapping of the limbic system, the neurobiological explanation of human emotion is that emotion is a pleasant or unpleasant mental state organized in the limbic system of the mammalian brain. If distinguished from reactive responses of reptiles, emotions would then be mammalian elaborations of general vertebrate arousal patterns, in which neurochemicals (for example, dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin) step-up or step-down the brain's activity level, as visible in body movements, gestures and postures. Emotions can likely be mediated by pheromones (see fear).
Q: What classification of chemicals do dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline belong to?" | "neurochemicals" | "From the context, we can infer that dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline are neurochemicals." | "squad_v1" | "CoT" |
"In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.
Background: Acute viral respiratory infections (VRI) are the most common diseases in humans and are associated with high morbidity and mortality in infants and the elderly. Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are more susceptible to get severe forms of VRI due to their altered lung mechanics, leading to several complications, such as increased hospital stay, longer mechanical ventilation, and higher mortality. This study aimed to identify the frequency of VRI in children with CHD undergoing cardiac surgery, and to compare the major outcomes according to the presence or absence of a VRI. Methods: This was a longitudinal, observational cohort study. Nasopharyngeal secretion samples were collected pre-and postoperatively for patients undergoing cardiac surgery, from May 2013 to May 2014. Respiratory viruses were detected using CLART Pneumovir®. Results: Forty-eight patients were enrolled. We found a VRI preoperatively in 16 children with CHD before surgery (33.3%), and the frequency of new infections was 8.3% (4 patients). However, in this study, in univariate analyses, the two groups did not differ in any of the studied outcomes. In the multivariate regression models, adjusting for age and STAT category, the presence of a VRI did not show a significant effect on the major outcomes. Conclusions: In conclusion, VRI was frequent in children undergoing open-heart surgery, but the presence of a VRI did not impact on major outcomes in this cohort." | "Epidemiology of viral respiratory infections in children undergoing heart surgery" | "The paper focuses on the epidemiology of viral respiratory infections in children undergoing heart surgery. The title should reflect the main focus of the study and provide a summary of its major findings, which is that VRI was frequent in children undergoing open-heart surgery but did not significantly impact outcomes. So my suggestion would be: "Epidemiology of viral respiratory infections in children undergoing heart surgery"." | "coda_19" | "CoT" |
"What is the answer for the question: What person who isn't a bar or shop owner, or a man who gets splashed with paint is terrorized by the crew? from the following article ?
The opening scene is set at a wild teenage party in a small apartment. The kids suddenly turn against everything around them and trash the apartment to complete annihilation. The kids are called "Destruction Incorporated", a bunch of self-imposed derelicts who terrorize a sleepy Florida town. They are led by the near-psychotic Dexter, his pal Denny, Denny's girlfriend Bitsy, and their friend Lummox. Their reason for forming this so-called "destruction crew" is as Dexter states: "just for the hell of it."
Dexter, Denny, Bitsy, and Lummox stop at a local neighborhood bar for a few drinks when the bartender becomes irritated with their shenanigans and orders them to be quiet to which they respond by beating up the owner. Afterwards, Dexter and a few of the Destruction crew pile into Dexter's 1967 white Mustang car and drive around town terrorizing and harassing the locals. One teenybopper steals a lady's newspaper and sets fire to it. A man is splashed painted when a few other youths throw paint at him. Also, a police officer is contemptuously taunted.
At a corner coffee shop, the overly zealous teens engage in a bloody fist fight with another teenager, named Doug, who used to know Dexter and was part of his gang before walking away years ago. As result of the rumble, the group begins to trash the place. The proprietor threatens to call the police, but is cut short when one of the teenyboppers punches him in the face. Dexter and Denny, aided by other Destruction crew, cruelly drag the owner to the stove and they unmercifully burn his hands on the hot stove." | "a police officer" | "Here is the rationale: The context of this question suggests that a person who isn't a bar or shop owner, nor a man who gets splashed with paint is terrorized by the crew. Based on this, we can infer that they are likely to be an authority figure like policeman as he/she may have tried to confront them and got hurt in return.
Amongst the given options, "a police officer" most closely matches our inference since it's mentioned explicitly in the text passage whereas all other choices don't match it at all. Hence we conclude that "a police officer" is correct answer for this question" | "quoref" | "CoT" |
"In this task, you are given an answer, and your task is to generate a reasonable question for that answer.
We a fine" | "Is your family well?" | "This response is grammatically incorrect as it should be \u201cWe are fine\u201d. Therefore, the question may be asking about the health of the speaker\u2019s family. So a reasonable question for this answer would be "Is your family well?"" | "circa" | "CoT" |
"Read the following conversation and answer the question.
W: I'm going to India next month. Is there any advice you'd like to give me on my first trip?
M: Well, see as much as you can, because it's a country with a very different culture from ours.
Question: The man advised the woman to ________.
- find her way around
- enjoy herself thoroughly
- remember her culture" | "enjoy herself thoroughly" | "In this conversation, the man advises the woman to see as much of India as she can. He says that it's a country with a very different culture from their own and thus is likely to be an interesting experience for her. Based on the context, it can be inferred that he wants her to enjoy herself thoroughly throughout her trip since there are many new sights and experiences available in India which will provide entertainment for her during her stay.
So, _________ (fill in blank) = "enjoy herself thoroughly"" | "dream" | "CoT" |
"Question with options: can we draw the following hypothesis from the context?
Context:
Jessica Litman, a law professor at Michigan's Wayne State University, has specialized in copyright law and Internet law for more than 20 years.
Hypothesis: Jessica Litman is a law professor.
OPTIONS:
- yes
- no
A:" | "yes" | "The context says "Jessica Litman, a law professor at Michigan's Wayne State University". We could see that the hypothesis is true as it matches with the description of Jessica in the context. So we should choose option 1 - yes" | "rte" | "CoT" |
"Next question: mughal emperors who ruled india between 1520 to 1707 ad?" | "Aurangzeb" | "Next question: mughal emperors who ruled india between 1520 to 1707 ad?
The number of Mughal Emperors that ruled India during the period mentioned was 6.
In addition, they were Babur (1526-30), Humayun (I) (1530-56), Akbar I (the Great)(1556-1605), Jahangir( 1605 - 27 ), Shah Jahan( 1628 – 58 ) and Aurangzeb Alamgir or ‘Ornament of the Throne’.(1658 – 1707). Out these names only 1 is currently relevant in history making him have highest relevancy score which happens to be Aurangeb." | "natural_questions" | "CoT" |
"Here is a question about this article: The US Congress was urged to create the exemption by proponents of a conservation plan on San Bruno Mountain, California that was drafted in the early 1980s and is the first HCP in the nation. In the conference report on the 1982 amendments, Congress specified that it intended the San Bruno plan to act "as a model" for future conservation plans developed under the incidental take exemption provision and that "the adequacy of similar conservation plans should be measured against the San Bruno plan". Congress further noted that the San Bruno plan was based on "an independent exhaustive biological study" and protected at least 87% of the habitat of the listed butterflies that led to the development of the HCP.
What is the answer to this question: What percentage of the critical habitat was protected for the area that received the first HCP?" | "87%" | "The correct answer is 87%. The context provided in the article stated that "it intended the San Bruno plan to act 'as a model' for future conservation plans developed under the incidental take exemption provision" and Congress further noted that it protected at least 87% of the habitat.
Thus, we can infer from this information that HCPs protect an average of about 87% or more of critical habitats." | "squad_v1" | "CoT" |
"Given a story, answer the question about the story. The question is the last sentence in the input. These stories can be difficult due to their length and how each story has at least one of the three following scenarios: the first is when the individual's belief matches reality, the second is when the individual's belief does not match reality, and the third is when an individual has a false belief about another individual's beliefs. The question will ask about the location of an object in the story with respect to either none or one of the three scenarios.
Avery entered the hall. Jacob entered the hall. The tangerine is in the blue_treasure_chest. Avery moved the tangerine to the green_bucket. Avery is in the hall. Mia entered the hall. The tangerine is in the green_bucket. Avery moved the tangerine to the blue_treasure_chest. Avery is in the hall. Mia is in the hall. The tomato is in the green_bucket. Avery moved the tomato to the blue_treasure_chest. Jackson entered the study. Jacob entered the study. The potato is in the red_drawer. Jackson moved the potato to the green_drawer. Where does Jackson think that Jacob searches for the potato?" | "green_drawer" | "Jackson has a false belief about Jacob's belief. Jackson knows that the potato is in the green_drawer because he put it there, but Jacob does not know where the potato is located. However, Jackson believes that Jacob thinks that the potato is in the red_drawer because this is where it was originally placed." | "tom_qa" | "CoT" |
"Farsightedness, or hyperopia, is the condition in which distant objects are seen clearly, but nearby objects appear blurry. It occurs when the eyeball is shorter than normal (see Figure below ). This causes images to be focused in a spot that would fall behind the retina (if light could pass through the retina). Hyperopia can be corrected with convex lenses. The lenses focus images farther forward in the eye, so they fall on the retina instead of behind it.
Kathy and Jacob are two coworkers out having a drink at a bar after a day at the office. They both wear glasses and Kathy comments that she hates that she is so farsighted and wishes there was a surgery to fix it. Jacob says that he finds it amusing she is farsighted because he himself is nearsighted. They both laugh at the opposite nature of their eye condition, and then both look at the menu on the other side of the room to decide what drinks to order next.
Which person's eyes naturally don't focus images behind the retina?" | "Jacob" | "This example is a little different from the other ones, because we have to determine who has what condition. The question and answer options are missing in this case. Here's the rationale for you:
"Jacob says that he finds it amusing she is farsighted because he himself is nearsighted." This means Jacob does not focus images behind his retina." | "ropes" | "CoT" |
"Here's a short story: A lifter uses a barbell, but moves a jump rope in a wider arc. The object likely to travel further is (A) the jump rope (B) the barbell.
What is the most sensical answer between "a jump rope" and "a barbell"?" | "a jump rope" | "The statement "a lifter uses a barbell, but moves a jump rope in a wider arc" is comparing the two objects.
A barbell is used for weightlifting and has 2 weights on each end of an iron rod. A jump rope is used for jumping exercises and consists of one thin cord wrapped around handles or gripped at both ends. Both are relatively light-weight objects with low mass that can be held by hand; however, because it covers more distance during exercise (i) requires less effort to move (ii) travels farther when dropped compared to the other object mentioned: the barbell which likely weighs much heavier than either choice given as answers ("the Barbell".
Therefore answer @option 1("a jump rope") would make sense while choosing between these two options" | "quarel" | "CoT" |
"Suggest a movie title for the following movie plot: Detective Hercule Poirot (Albert Finney) is returning to England aboard the Orient Express, encountering his friend Signor Bianchi (Martin Balsam), a director of the Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits, which owns the line. Aside from Poirot, the other passengers travelling on the Calais coach are: Mrs. Harriet Hubbard (Lauren Bacall), a fussy, talkative, multiple-widowed American; enigmatic American businessman Samuel Ratchett (Richard Widmark), his secretary and translator Hector McQueen (Anthony Perkins) and English manservant Beddoes (John Gielgud); elderly Russian royal Princess Natalia Dragomiroff (Wendy Hiller) and her German maid Hildegarde Schmidt (Rachel Roberts); Hungarian diplomat Count Rudolf Andrenyi (Michael York) and his wife Elena (Jacqueline Bisset); British Indian Army officer Col. John Arbuthnott (Sean Connery); Mary Debenham (Vanessa Redgrave), a teacher of English in Baghdad; Greta Ohlsson (Ingrid Bergman), a timid Swedish missionary to Africa on a fund-raising trip; Italian-American car salesman Antonio Foscarelli (Denis Quilley); and Cyrus B. Hardman (Colin Blakely), an American theatrical agent.
The morning after the train's departure from Istanbul, Ratchett tries to secure Poirot's services for $15,000 since he has received many death threats, but Poirot finds the case of little interest and turns it down. That night the train is caught in heavy snows in the Balkans. Poirot is disturbed numerous times during the night. The next morning Ratchett is found stabbed to death in his cabin. Poirot and Bianchi work together to solve the case. They enlist the help of Dr. Constantine (George Coulouris), a Greek medical doctor who was travelling in another coach with Bianchi as the only other passenger and thus is not a suspect. Pierre Michel (Jean-Pierre Cassel), the French conductor of the car, also assists the investigation, as well as being a suspect.
Dr. Constantine's examination reveals Ratchett was stabbed 12 times. Some wounds were slight, but at least three of them could have..." | "Murder on the Orient Express" | "The movie plot is describing the 1974 film adaptation of Agatha Christie's novel Murder on the Orient Express." | "duorc@ParaphraseRC" | "CoT" |
"Why might happen to two individuals experiencing fear that can't agree?
Choose the most suitable option to answer the above question.
Options：
A. separate people
B. confuse
C. stop people
D. charming
E. motivate" | "A" | "The word "fear" has two meanings in this sentence:
1. It refers to the emotion someone feels when they are afraid of something or scared; and,
2. it means that those people are cowardly, weak-willed and easily frightened.
If we use these definitions on both individuals, then we can conclude that a person who is not strong enough will always be separated from others by circumstances. Therefore, choice A is correct because it indicates separation between individuals due to their inability (lack of courage) to agree with each other’s opinion."" | "cos_e" | "CoT" |
"What came before. Sure thing! What's the restaurant and destination?" | "Hey there Katie. I'm looking for a ride from a restaurant to a movie theater. Think you can book me an Uber online?" | "The sentence "Sure thing! What's the restaurant and destination?" is a response to a request for booking an Uber. The most likely dialogue before this question is therefore "Hey there Katie. I'm looking for a ride from a restaurant to a movie theater. Think you can book me an Uber online?"." | "task_master_input_inversion" | "CoT" |
Dataset Card for Dataset Name
Dataset Summary
This dataset card aims to be a base template for new datasets. It has been generated using this raw template.
Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
[More Information Needed]
Languages
English
Dataset Structure
Data Instances
[More Information Needed]
Data Fields
[More Information Needed]
Data Splits
| name | train |
|---|---|
| CoT-Collection | 1837928 |
Additional Information
Citation Information
@article{kim2023cot,
title={The CoT Collection: Improving Zero-shot and Few-shot Learning of Language Models via Chain-of-Thought Fine-Tuning},
author={Kim, Seungone and Joo, Se June and Kim, Doyoung and Jang, Joel and Ye, Seonghyeon and Shin, Jamin and Seo, Minjoon},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.14045},
year={2023}
}
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