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id
string
answerKey
string
question
dict
"apstudy_question_hg"
"B"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "the Coriolis effect" }, { "label": "B", "text": "plate tectonics" }, { "label": "C", "text": "hotspots" }, { "label": "D", "text": "the Richter Magnitude Scale" }, { "label": "E", "text": "the subduction zone" } ], "stem": "The umbrella theory explaining the Earth's movement, contact, and flattening of large land plates is known as" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"A"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "jet stream" }, { "label": "B", "text": "thermophile" }, { "label": "C", "text": "contrail" }, { "label": "D", "text": "gust of wind" }, { "label": "E", "text": "typhoon" } ], "stem": "A long, narrow, upper atmosphere current of fast moving air is known as a" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"C"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "principle of original horizontality" }, { "label": "B", "text": "principle of uniformitarianism" }, { "label": "C", "text": "principle of superposition" }, { "label": "D", "text": "principle of uniformity" }, { "label": "E", "text": "principle of lateral continuity" } ], "stem": "Archaeologists record the top layers first, followed by older, deeper layers to study ancient settlements and cities following the" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"D"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "subduction" }, { "label": "B", "text": "deflection" }, { "label": "C", "text": "transformation" }, { "label": "D", "text": "convection" }, { "label": "E", "text": "divergent boundaries" } ], "stem": "Gravitational forces within the Earth, as well as heat and radioactive element recycling in the molten core, take place through" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"E"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "Oxygen and methane" }, { "label": "B", "text": "Oxygen and propane" }, { "label": "C", "text": "Nitrogen and carbon dioxide" }, { "label": "D", "text": "Benzene and nitrogen" }, { "label": "E", "text": "Nitrogen and oxygen" } ], "stem": "Which two gases make up the majority of the Earth's gases?" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"B"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "Richard Palmer" }, { "label": "B", "text": "James Hutton" }, { "label": "C", "text": "W" }, { "label": "D", "text": "Nicholas Steno" }, { "label": "E", "text": "Aubrey Hough" } ], "stem": "Because he figured out that sedimentary rock must have been compacted and compressed, over many ages, _______ is known as the father of modern geology." }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"E"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "transform fault boundary of two colliding plates" }, { "label": "B", "text": "Mid-Atlantic Ridge" }, { "label": "C", "text": "distant edge boundary of two colliding plates" }, { "label": "D", "text": "divergent boundary of two colliding plates" }, { "label": "E", "text": "convergent boundary of two colliding plates" } ], "stem": "An ocean trench is formed along the" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"B"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "Stratosphere" }, { "label": "B", "text": "Thermosphere" }, { "label": "C", "text": "Ozone" }, { "label": "D", "text": "Troposphere" }, { "label": "E", "text": "Mesosphere" } ], "stem": "Which of the following is the highest layer of the atmosphere?" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"E"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "principle of uniformity" }, { "label": "B", "text": "principle of original horizontality" }, { "label": "C", "text": "second law of thermodynamics" }, { "label": "D", "text": "principle of superposition" }, { "label": "E", "text": "principle of lateral continuity" } ], "stem": "Water-layered sediments that thin to nothing at a shore or the area where first deposited are the subject of the" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"A"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "sediment" }, { "label": "B", "text": "ash" }, { "label": "C", "text": "a biofuel" }, { "label": "D", "text": "granite" }, { "label": "E", "text": "cinders" } ], "stem": "Any solid material (rock or organic) that settles out from a liquid is known as" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"A"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "continental shifting and compression are possible across different regions" }, { "label": "B", "text": "energy can neither be created nor destroyed" }, { "label": "C", "text": "volcanoes can erupt even when quiet for 200 years" }, { "label": "D", "text": "population growth is slow and the birth rate drops to around the death rate" }, { "label": "E", "text": "primary consumers (i.e., herbivores) consume plants and algae" } ], "stem": "The principle of uniformitarianism includes the idea that" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"B"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "active" }, { "label": "B", "text": "dormant" }, { "label": "C", "text": "high risk" }, { "label": "D", "text": "sedimentary" }, { "label": "E", "text": "extinct" } ], "stem": "A volcano with little erosion and that may erupt at any time is classified as" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"B"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "the slowest seismic waves" }, { "label": "B", "text": "the fastest seismic waves" }, { "label": "C", "text": "known as Rayleigh waves" }, { "label": "D", "text": "a type of surface wave" }, { "label": "E", "text": "the only wave to move through air" } ], "stem": "Primary waves, which bunch together and then move apart like an inchworm, are" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"C"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "precipitation" }, { "label": "B", "text": "auroras" }, { "label": "C", "text": "jet stream" }, { "label": "D", "text": "clouds" }, { "label": "E", "text": "fossilization" } ], "stem": "Large temperature differences and strong pressure differences between warm and cold air cause the formation of the" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"C"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "caldera" }, { "label": "B", "text": "hotspot" }, { "label": "C", "text": "geological plate" }, { "label": "D", "text": "tropical oasis" }, { "label": "E", "text": "transform fault" } ], "stem": "A huge layer of rock that drifts slowly over the supporting upper mantle layer is a" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"D"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "lava" }, { "label": "B", "text": "pyroclastic flow" }, { "label": "C", "text": "volcanic rock" }, { "label": "D", "text": "poisonous volcanic gases" }, { "label": "E", "text": "the hysterical crowd running toward the sea" } ], "stem": "When Mount Vesuvius erupted in 79 A.D., most people were killed by" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"E"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "1.5 magnitude" }, { "label": "B", "text": "2.0 magnitude" }, { "label": "C", "text": "4.0 magnitude" }, { "label": "D", "text": "5.2 magnitude" }, { "label": "E", "text": "8.0 magnitude" } ], "stem": "A large earthquake occurs, on average, somewhere in the world each year of greater than" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"D"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "wind stop" }, { "label": "B", "text": "wind chill" }, { "label": "C", "text": "troposphere" }, { "label": "D", "text": "wind shear" }, { "label": "E", "text": "ionosphere" } ], "stem": "A sudden change in the wind's direction or speed with increasing altitude is called" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"E"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "mesosphere" }, { "label": "B", "text": "tropopause" }, { "label": "C", "text": "stratosphere" }, { "label": "D", "text": "troposphere" }, { "label": "E", "text": "thermosphere" } ], "stem": "The northern and southern lights are found in the" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"D"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "hotspot" }, { "label": "B", "text": "pressure zone" }, { "label": "C", "text": "surface trace" }, { "label": "D", "text": "subduction zone" }, { "label": "E", "text": "sedimentary layer" } ], "stem": "Where two crustal plates collide and one plate is forced under the other into the mantle, it is called a" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"C"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "tectonic time measurements" }, { "label": "B", "text": "Jurassic time measurements" }, { "label": "C", "text": "chronostatic time measurements" }, { "label": "D", "text": "continental drift" }, { "label": "E", "text": "subjective time measurements" } ], "stem": "Relationships between earth layers and soil samples are described by" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"A"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "relative humidity" }, { "label": "B", "text": "indistinct humidity" }, { "label": "C", "text": "point source humidity" }, { "label": "D", "text": "aridity" }, { "label": "E", "text": "wind shear" } ], "stem": "The relationship between air temperature and the amount of water vapor it contains is known as" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"A"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "epicenter" }, { "label": "B", "text": "trench" }, { "label": "C", "text": "hypercenter" }, { "label": "D", "text": "surface trace" }, { "label": "E", "text": "ridge" } ], "stem": "The location directly above an earthquake's hypocenter on the earth's surface is the" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"B"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "primary seismic wave" }, { "label": "B", "text": "surface wave" }, { "label": "C", "text": "pyroclastic flow" }, { "label": "D", "text": "folded rock" }, { "label": "E", "text": "lapilli" } ], "stem": "Love waves are a type of" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"E"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "caldera" }, { "label": "B", "text": "sedimentation" }, { "label": "C", "text": "igneous activity" }, { "label": "D", "text": "faults" }, { "label": "E", "text": "seismic waves" } ], "stem": "Vibrations in the Earth caused by cracks or shifts in the underlying rock are called" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"C"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "eons" }, { "label": "B", "text": "eras" }, { "label": "C", "text": "ages" }, { "label": "D", "text": "periods" }, { "label": "E", "text": "epochs" } ], "stem": "The following are all time units of the geological time scale except" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"C"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "mesosphere" }, { "label": "B", "text": "troposphere" }, { "label": "C", "text": "ionosphere" }, { "label": "D", "text": "lower latitude layer" }, { "label": "E", "text": "El Niño effect" } ], "stem": "The thermosphere is also called the" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"A"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "trade wind direction" }, { "label": "B", "text": "eye size" }, { "label": "C", "text": "speed" }, { "label": "D", "text": "name" }, { "label": "E", "text": "eye wall" } ], "stem": "A hurricane's course depends upon location and" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"C"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "gravitation" }, { "label": "B", "text": "temperature" }, { "label": "C", "text": "rotation" }, { "label": "D", "text": "plant life" }, { "label": "E", "text": "curvature" } ], "stem": "The Coriolis effect is a result of the Earth's" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"D"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "measure of temperature" }, { "label": "B", "text": "line connecting areas of increasing atmospheric pressure" }, { "label": "C", "text": "measure of depth" }, { "label": "D", "text": "line connecting areas of the same atmospheric pressure" }, { "label": "E", "text": "topographical symbol" } ], "stem": "An isobar is a" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"C"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "8°C" }, { "label": "B", "text": "10°C" }, { "label": "C", "text": "12°C" }, { "label": "D", "text": "14°C" }, { "label": "E", "text": "15°C" } ], "stem": "Using the table below asdf, if the wind is blowing 30 km/h and the outside temperature is 15°C, what is the wind chill factor in degrees Celsius?" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"E"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "porous rocks" }, { "label": "B", "text": "snow" }, { "label": "C", "text": "glaciers" }, { "label": "D", "text": "aquifers" }, { "label": "E", "text": "all of the above" } ], "stem": "Groundwater is stored in" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"A"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "aeration" }, { "label": "B", "text": "hydration" }, { "label": "C", "text": "precipitation" }, { "label": "D", "text": "consolidation" }, { "label": "E", "text": "acclimation" } ], "stem": "The layer closest to the surface, where spaces between soil particles are filled with both air and water, is called the zone of" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"D"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "streams overflow their banks" }, { "label": "B", "text": "plants use water during photosynthesis" }, { "label": "C", "text": "deserts get drier and drier" }, { "label": "D", "text": "rainfall soaks into the ground" }, { "label": "E", "text": "snow melts" } ], "stem": "Infiltration takes place when" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"E"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "aeration" }, { "label": "B", "text": "conservation" }, { "label": "C", "text": "precipitation" }, { "label": "D", "text": "withdrawal" }, { "label": "E", "text": "evaporation" } ], "stem": "When water changes from a liquid to a gas or vapor, the process is called" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"C"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "tornado" }, { "label": "B", "text": "cloud" }, { "label": "C", "text": "hurricane" }, { "label": "D", "text": "jet stream" }, { "label": "E", "text": "temperature inversion" } ], "stem": "A tropical depression is the first phase in the formation of a" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"C"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "microbiology" }, { "label": "B", "text": "ecology" }, { "label": "C", "text": "hydrology" }, { "label": "D", "text": "botany" }, { "label": "E", "text": "aquaculture" } ], "stem": "The study of the occurrence, distribution, and movement of water on, in, and above the surface of the Earth is called" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"E"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "45%" }, { "label": "B", "text": "62%" }, { "label": "C", "text": "75%" }, { "label": "D", "text": "80%" }, { "label": "E", "text": "97%" } ], "stem": "The oceans hold approximately what percent of the Earth's water?" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"A"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "unconfined aquifers" }, { "label": "B", "text": "confined aquifers" }, { "label": "C", "text": "lakes" }, { "label": "D", "text": "closed aquifers" }, { "label": "E", "text": "saturated aquifers" } ], "stem": "Aquifers that form a water table separating unsaturated and saturated zones are called" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"B"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "watershed" }, { "label": "B", "text": "groundwater" }, { "label": "C", "text": "snow melt" }, { "label": "D", "text": "runoff" }, { "label": "E", "text": "evapotranspiration" } ], "stem": "The water found in subterranean spaces, cracks, and open pore spaces of minerals is called" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"D"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "transpiration" }, { "label": "B", "text": "an aquifer" }, { "label": "C", "text": "consumption" }, { "label": "D", "text": "runoff" }, { "label": "E", "text": "conservation" } ], "stem": "Rainfall or snow melt that has not had time to evaporate, transpire, or move into groundwater is known as" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"B"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "increases" }, { "label": "B", "text": "decreases" }, { "label": "C", "text": "stays the same" }, { "label": "D", "text": "is at its highest" }, { "label": "E", "text": "is only rarely low" } ], "stem": "When moving through the eye wall of a hurricane and into the eye, surface pressure" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"D"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "an aquifer" }, { "label": "B", "text": "an unconsolidated aquifer" }, { "label": "C", "text": "a drainage zone" }, { "label": "D", "text": "an aquifer recharge zone" }, { "label": "E", "text": "a surface discharge" } ], "stem": "The area at the surface or below ground that supplies water to an aquifer and/or most of the watershed or drainage basin is called" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"C"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "crystal structure" }, { "label": "B", "text": "sedimentation" }, { "label": "C", "text": "soil porosity" }, { "label": "D", "text": "granite" }, { "label": "E", "text": "soil salinity" } ], "stem": "The amount of open space in the soil is called" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"B"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "sedimentation" }, { "label": "B", "text": "saturation" }, { "label": "C", "text": "equalization" }, { "label": "D", "text": "salination" }, { "label": "E", "text": "diffusion" } ], "stem": "Under surface soil, where all the open spaces have become filled with water, lies the zone of" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"E"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "evaporation is increased by heat" }, { "label": "B", "text": "it is used sparingly" }, { "label": "C", "text": "there is too little rainfall" }, { "label": "D", "text": "it is used in proper amounts" }, { "label": "E", "text": "runoff joins with surface and/or groundwater" } ], "stem": "Pesticide and fertilizer use on crops affects water purity when" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"B"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "aquifer saturation" }, { "label": "B", "text": "groundwater mining" }, { "label": "C", "text": "flooding" }, { "label": "D", "text": "runoff" }, { "label": "E", "text": "the water table" } ], "stem": "The depletion of water from aquifers faster than they can naturally be refilled is called" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"C"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "withdrawal" }, { "label": "B", "text": "conservation" }, { "label": "C", "text": "consumption" }, { "label": "D", "text": "discharge" }, { "label": "E", "text": "runoff" } ], "stem": "The amount of withdrawn water lost in transport, evaporation, absorption, chemical change, or is otherwise unavailable as a result of human use is known as" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"B"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "an unconfined aquifer" }, { "label": "B", "text": "a perched water table" }, { "label": "C", "text": "a watershed" }, { "label": "D", "text": "a zone of aeration" }, { "label": "E", "text": "a diverted stream" } ], "stem": "When water is blocked by a low-permeability material below the aquifer, it is known as" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"A"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "stone" }, { "label": "B", "text": "light" }, { "label": "C", "text": "paper" }, { "label": "D", "text": "seawater" }, { "label": "E", "text": "white" } ], "stem": "Lithification, comes from the Greek word lithos, meaning" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"D"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "a red rash on the elbow" }, { "label": "B", "text": "miscalculations of circular core samples" }, { "label": "C", "text": "photosynthesis in most upper ocean layers" }, { "label": "D", "text": "lithification of sediment by physical and chemical processes" }, { "label": "E", "text": "drought in some areas" } ], "stem": "Diagenesis causes" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"B"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "Subjugate rock" }, { "label": "B", "text": "Slate" }, { "label": "C", "text": "Vermiculite" }, { "label": "D", "text": "Slant" }, { "label": "E", "text": "Magma" } ], "stem": "Which of the following is a common metamorphic rock type?" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"C"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "hard purple-colored rock" }, { "label": "B", "text": "surface-only rock" }, { "label": "C", "text": "chameleon of rock types" }, { "label": "D", "text": "good building material" }, { "label": "E", "text": "brittle rock type" } ], "stem": "Metamorphic rock is known as a" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"E"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "metamorphic shelf" }, { "label": "B", "text": "gneiss" }, { "label": "C", "text": "lithification" }, { "label": "D", "text": "vertical unit" }, { "label": "E", "text": "formation" } ], "stem": "When several rock-stratigraphic units are stacked vertically, they are called a" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"C"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "foliation" }, { "label": "B", "text": "metamorphism" }, { "label": "C", "text": "exfoliation" }, { "label": "D", "text": "sedimentation" }, { "label": "E", "text": "coloration" } ], "stem": "When rock on the Earth's surface is worn away, it is called" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"A"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "pieces of other rocks" }, { "label": "B", "text": "gelatin from kelp" }, { "label": "C", "text": "the hardest granites" }, { "label": "D", "text": "boulders larger than 1 meter across" }, { "label": "E", "text": "petroleum distillates" } ], "stem": "Clastic sedimentary rocks are made up of" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"C"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "Fertilizer" }, { "label": "B", "text": "Conservation" }, { "label": "C", "text": "Tillage" }, { "label": "D", "text": "Plant type" }, { "label": "E", "text": "Rainfall" } ], "stem": "Which of the following plays a big part in soil erosion?" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"D"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "Lithification" }, { "label": "B", "text": "Sedimentation" }, { "label": "C", "text": "Compaction" }, { "label": "D", "text": "Weathering" }, { "label": "E", "text": "Concretion" } ], "stem": "Which process wears away existing rocks and produces lots of small rock?" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"B"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "cover crops" }, { "label": "B", "text": "deforestation" }, { "label": "C", "text": "planting of perennial plants" }, { "label": "D", "text": "adding mulch" }, { "label": "E", "text": "crop rotation" } ], "stem": "The following are all tools in soil conservation except for" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"B"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "Mica" }, { "label": "B", "text": "Marble" }, { "label": "C", "text": "Shale" }, { "label": "D", "text": "Sandstone" }, { "label": "E", "text": "Obsidian" } ], "stem": "Which metamorphic rock is often used as a paving and building stone?" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"D"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "metamorphic rock" }, { "label": "B", "text": "clastic formations" }, { "label": "C", "text": "sedimentary rock" }, { "label": "D", "text": "igneous rock" }, { "label": "E", "text": "multicolored clays" } ], "stem": "Felsic and mafic are two types of" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"C"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "10%" }, { "label": "B", "text": "20%" }, { "label": "C", "text": "30%" }, { "label": "D", "text": "40%" }, { "label": "E", "text": "50%" } ], "stem": "What percentage of the world's land is at risk of desertification?" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"A"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "a conglomerate" }, { "label": "B", "text": "shale" }, { "label": "C", "text": "granite" }, { "label": "D", "text": "magma" }, { "label": "E", "text": "igneous clay" } ], "stem": "Pebbles surrounded by a covering of sand or mud is known as" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"D"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "geography" }, { "label": "B", "text": "cartography" }, { "label": "C", "text": "graphology" }, { "label": "D", "text": "topography" }, { "label": "E", "text": "photography" } ], "stem": "The description of an area's land contours and surface features is called" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"C"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "elevation" }, { "label": "B", "text": "soil type" }, { "label": "C", "text": "water content" }, { "label": "D", "text": "mineral base" }, { "label": "E", "text": "climate" } ], "stem": "Pedocal, pedalfer, and laterite are three basic soil types based primarily on" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"B"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "Horizon A" }, { "label": "B", "text": "Horizon B" }, { "label": "C", "text": "Horizon C" }, { "label": "D", "text": "Ions are not transported this way" }, { "label": "E", "text": "Mineralization occurs only in the topsoil" } ], "stem": "Which soil horizon consists of a zone of accumulation, where ions transported by rainwater are reconnected to create new minerals?" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"B"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "atmosphere" }, { "label": "B", "text": "ecosystem" }, { "label": "C", "text": "niche" }, { "label": "D", "text": "suburb" }, { "label": "E", "text": "species" } ], "stem": "A complex community of plants, animals, and microorganisms linked by interacting energy and nutrient flows is called a(n)" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"E"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "27%" }, { "label": "B", "text": "44%" }, { "label": "C", "text": "62%" }, { "label": "D", "text": "75%" }, { "label": "E", "text": "99%" } ], "stem": "The world's oceans make up what percent of the planet's biosphere?" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"B"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "High plains" }, { "label": "B", "text": "Wetlands" }, { "label": "C", "text": "Arctic" }, { "label": "D", "text": "Rocky Mountains" }, { "label": "E", "text": "Old-growth forest" } ], "stem": "Which diverse ecosystem absorbs high flow and releases water slowly?" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"A"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "hotspots" }, { "label": "B", "text": "expensive vacation spots" }, { "label": "C", "text": "sustainable use areas" }, { "label": "D", "text": "arid regions" }, { "label": "E", "text": "mountainous" } ], "stem": "Madagascar and the Indian Ocean islands, the Philippines, Sundaland, the Atlantic Forest, and the Caribbean are all considered" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"C"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "birthday parties" }, { "label": "B", "text": "field testing" }, { "label": "C", "text": "remote sensing" }, { "label": "D", "text": "acrobatic air shows" }, { "label": "E", "text": "high school science labs" } ], "stem": "Aircraft, high-altitude balloons, and satellites are all used in" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"D"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "1,000 meters high" }, { "label": "B", "text": "5,000 meters high" }, { "label": "C", "text": "10,000 meters high" }, { "label": "D", "text": "20,000 meters high" }, { "label": "E", "text": "40,000 meters high" } ], "stem": "The vertical range that contains the biosphere is roughly" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"E"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "in remission" }, { "label": "B", "text": "hibernating for the winter" }, { "label": "C", "text": "not important to the ecosystem" }, { "label": "D", "text": "gone for 10 years and then returns" }, { "label": "E", "text": "gone forever" } ], "stem": "When a species like the dodo bird becomes extinct, it is said to be" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"B"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "life span" }, { "label": "B", "text": "range" }, { "label": "C", "text": "personality type" }, { "label": "D", "text": "itinerary" }, { "label": "E", "text": "habitat" } ], "stem": "The total area in which a plant, animal, insect, or other organism travels in its lifetime determines its" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"C"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "Outer space" }, { "label": "B", "text": "Stratosphere" }, { "label": "C", "text": "Troposphere" }, { "label": "D", "text": "Ionosphere" }, { "label": "E", "text": "Mesosphere" } ], "stem": "In which layer do all the pressure, wind, and precipitation changes occur?" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"B"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "80%" }, { "label": "B", "text": "65%" }, { "label": "C", "text": "40%" }, { "label": "D", "text": "25%" }, { "label": "E", "text": "10%" } ], "stem": "Tornadoes of the F4/F5 category account for what percent of deaths?" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"C"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "salt flats" }, { "label": "B", "text": "mountain algae populations" }, { "label": "C", "text": "reflectance" }, { "label": "D", "text": "honeybee populations" }, { "label": "E", "text": "shipping lanes" } ], "stem": "ASTER information is used to draw detailed maps of land surface temperature, elevation, and" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"D"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "wetlands" }, { "label": "B", "text": "topography" }, { "label": "C", "text": "ecological succession" }, { "label": "D", "text": "ecotones" }, { "label": "E", "text": "secondary succession" } ], "stem": "Adjacent habitats have overlapping boundaries called" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"A"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "primary succession of development" }, { "label": "B", "text": "secondary succession of development" }, { "label": "C", "text": "tertiary succession of development" }, { "label": "D", "text": "overcrowded ecosystem" }, { "label": "E", "text": "ecotone" } ], "stem": "Over time, a previously untouched area like a volcanic flow will be populated by different species creating soil, cover, shade, and food resulting in a(n)" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"E"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "10% of its original habitat" }, { "label": "B", "text": "20% of its original habitat" }, { "label": "C", "text": "45% of its original habitat" }, { "label": "D", "text": "60% of its original habitat" }, { "label": "E", "text": "over 70% of its original habitat" } ], "stem": "A hotspot is an ecological region that has high biodiversity and lost" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"A"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "loss of habitat" }, { "label": "B", "text": "predation" }, { "label": "C", "text": "food supply" }, { "label": "D", "text": "climate" }, { "label": "E", "text": "disease" } ], "stem": "The most important factor currently affecting many species is" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"C"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "evolutionary use" }, { "label": "B", "text": "clear cutting" }, { "label": "C", "text": "sustainable use" }, { "label": "D", "text": "extinction" }, { "label": "E", "text": "speciation" } ], "stem": "The use of resources in a manner that protects a species or environment without causing long-term loss is known as" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"B"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "survival of the fittest" }, { "label": "B", "text": "Gause's principle" }, { "label": "C", "text": "the conservation of species" }, { "label": "D", "text": "a keystone species" }, { "label": "E", "text": "climax succession" } ], "stem": "When no two species can fill the same niche at the same time and the weaker species must fill a smaller niche, relocate, or die, it is known as" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"E"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "extinct" }, { "label": "B", "text": "poor predators" }, { "label": "C", "text": "protected" }, { "label": "D", "text": "not evolutionarily hearty" }, { "label": "E", "text": "endangered" } ], "stem": "When a species' numbers drop continuously because of habitat destruction, the species is said to be" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"B"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "neither species benefits" }, { "label": "B", "text": "both species benefit" }, { "label": "C", "text": "one species benefits and one is unaffected" }, { "label": "D", "text": "one species is harmed and one benefits" }, { "label": "E", "text": "both species are harmed" } ], "stem": "Mutualism is a type of symbiosis where" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"C"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "realized niche" }, { "label": "B", "text": "developed niche" }, { "label": "C", "text": "fundamental niche" }, { "label": "D", "text": "successive niche" }, { "label": "E", "text": "population overshoot" } ], "stem": "When a species has no competitive limitations, it has a" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"A"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "climax community" }, { "label": "B", "text": "population" }, { "label": "C", "text": "pioneer species" }, { "label": "D", "text": "initial niche" }, { "label": "E", "text": "extinct zone" } ], "stem": "When an ecosystem reaches its final stage of balanced species development, it is called a(n)" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"D"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "lime" }, { "label": "B", "text": "condensation" }, { "label": "C", "text": "sublimation" }, { "label": "D", "text": "biomineralization" }, { "label": "E", "text": "transfiguration" } ], "stem": "When calcium carbonate is used to build the shells of sea creatures, it is called" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"B"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "20%" }, { "label": "B", "text": "50%" }, { "label": "C", "text": "65%" }, { "label": "D", "text": "70%" }, { "label": "E", "text": "90%" } ], "stem": "By dry weight, approximately what percent of carbon are humans composed of?" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"D"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "the oceans" }, { "label": "B", "text": "soil" }, { "label": "C", "text": "fossil fuels" }, { "label": "D", "text": "the Earth's core" }, { "label": "E", "text": "plant life" } ], "stem": "Scientists have studied the carbon cycle in all the following geochemical reservoirs except" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"C"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "pyroclastic material" }, { "label": "B", "text": "inorganic material" }, { "label": "C", "text": "organic material" }, { "label": "D", "text": "sublimation" }, { "label": "E", "text": "biomineralization" } ], "stem": "Carbon-containing material from living or nonliving sources is called" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"B"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "calciferous" }, { "label": "B", "text": "hard water" }, { "label": "C", "text": "soft water" }, { "label": "D", "text": "mineralization" }, { "label": "E", "text": "lime" } ], "stem": "When freshwater has high concentrations of calcium and/or magnesium, it is commonly called" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"B"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "6 months" }, { "label": "B", "text": "1 to 2 years" }, { "label": "C", "text": "3 years" }, { "label": "D", "text": "2 to 5 years" }, { "label": "E", "text": "7 years" } ], "stem": "ENSO takes place at intervals of 2 to 7 years and lasts approximately" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"D"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "12 weeks" }, { "label": "B", "text": "300 years" }, { "label": "C", "text": "1,000 years" }, { "label": "D", "text": "6,000 years" }, { "label": "E", "text": "1 million years" } ], "stem": "The residence time of oxygen in the atmosphere is" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"A"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "evapotranspiration" }, { "label": "B", "text": "respiration" }, { "label": "C", "text": "condensation" }, { "label": "D", "text": "transport" }, { "label": "E", "text": "condensation" } ], "stem": "When plants pull water from the soil, use the dissolved minerals to grow, and release the water back through the leaves, it is known as" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"C"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "methane" }, { "label": "B", "text": "biomineralization" }, { "label": "C", "text": "biomass" }, { "label": "D", "text": "water pollution" }, { "label": "E", "text": "limestone" } ], "stem": "Plants are known as primary producers of" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"A"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "conservation of matter" }, { "label": "B", "text": "origin of species" }, { "label": "C", "text": "residence time" }, { "label": "D", "text": "transconfiguration" }, { "label": "E", "text": "respiration" } ], "stem": "The idea that matter is neither created, nor destroyed, but recycled through natural cycles is known as" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"D"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "aquifers" }, { "label": "B", "text": "living organisms" }, { "label": "C", "text": "streams" }, { "label": "D", "text": "limestone" }, { "label": "E", "text": "the atmosphere" } ], "stem": "All the following are natural water reservoirs except" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"E"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "sublimation" }, { "label": "B", "text": "biomineralization" }, { "label": "C", "text": "biomass" }, { "label": "D", "text": "evapotranspiration" }, { "label": "E", "text": "photosynthesis" } ], "stem": "A plant's reaction that captures visible light wavelengths (0.4 to 0.7 µm) and transforms them into chemical energy is known as" }
"apstudy_question_hg"
"C"
{ "choices": [ { "label": "A", "text": "carnivores" }, { "label": "B", "text": "herbivores" }, { "label": "C", "text": "detritivores" }, { "label": "D", "text": "parasites" }, { "label": "E", "text": "omnivores" } ], "stem": "Organisms that consume litter, debris, and dung are called" }
End of preview (truncated to 100 rows)

Benchmark: GeoBenchmark

In GeoBenchmark, we collect 183 multiple-choice questions in NPEE, and 1,395 in AP Test, for objective tasks. Meanwhile, we gather all 939 subjective questions in NPEE to be the subjective tasks set and use 50 to measure the baselines with human evaluation.

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